An exploration of approaches and difficulties in prevention of dental diseases in Saudi Arabia.

Aim: Dental caries and periodontitis are the most common oral diseases in Saudi Arabia. Oral health awareness is very low and prevention of oral diseases is not a high priority in this region. A national survey was conducted to assess the dentists’ attitudes and challenges in implementation of preventive dental programmes in Saudi Arabia.Materials and methods: A questionnaire based national cross- sectional survey among 500 dentists was conducted under the auspices of Directorate of Dentistry, Ministry of Health. The data was analyzed using Microsoft excel 2010 program and descriptive statistics were obtained.Results: The response rate was 87.8% (n=439). 72.4% believed that preventive dental services are beneficial, social factors (62.5%) are the most challenging factors in implementing preventive dental programs, followed by inadequate work force (41.6%), 64% felt dental auxiliaries are important, 68.35% felt mobile dental units play active role in providing on-site preventive treatments and 95.4% felt the need for receiving regular updates on preventive dentistry.Conclusion: Dentists’ attitudes and challenges in implementation of preventive dental programs were identified. The survey highlighted the need for implementation of extensive and continuous community oral health education programmes in KSA

A Systematic Approach to Management & Prevention of Dental Trauma in Children

Trauma to teeth and supporting structures is one the most challenging situations dentists face in their day to day practice. World wide studies have shown an increased prevalence of dental trauma and resultant fractured, displaced, or avulsed teeth can have functional, esthetic, and psycho­logical effects on children. For successful management of patients with dental trauma it is therefore very important to know the history, circumstances of the injury, type of trauma, and initial reaction of the child and/or guardian. Dentists should therefore be able to recognize, differentiate, and either treat or refer patients based on the type of dental trauma. To efficiently determine the extent of injury and correctly diagnose injuries to the teeth, periodontium, and associated structures, a systematic approach to diagnosis and treatment is essential. The article gives details of the treatment modalities for dental trauma and recommendations for prevention of Dento-facial injuries. &nbsp

Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in Pediatric Dentistry

Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is an alternative treatment for dental caries and is an easy, low cost and painless restorative technique where soft infected dentin is removed with sharp hand instruments retaining the reversible affected dentin and the resultant cavity and adjoining fissures are restored and sealed with Glassionomer cement. This technique involves minimal intervention and invasion and can be used for both treatment and prevention of dental caries. Several Studies have shown good results with this procedure because of which this simple but innovative technique is gaining broader acceptance among dentists and ART approach is increasingly being advocated for use in pediatric and general clinical practice, and field use. More recently, ART has become increasingly accepted in developed countries because of its “atraumatic” approach in relation to the stress and pain experienced by patients

Corrections for regular identification of high energy positive particles in experimental data using lobachevsky space

In this work, high-energy positive charged particles are distinguished using the Lobachevsky space or Hyperbolic space, which is defined as the total rapidity multiplied by hyperbolic cosines of the transverse and longitudinal rapidity of the particles. Experimental data from eight different types of interactions detected in the bubble chambers accumulated in the high-energy sector were used in the calculations. The weights used to construct the proton and positive pion distributions for each of the interacting secondary particles have been eliminated, allowing such studies to be performed such as particle counting and clustering.These weights do not include calculated weights at azimuth angles, near the center of the star, or without momentum measurements. We now have the opportunity to study positive pions and protons. The percentage of confused particles increases with the beam energy. After the reconstruction, we conducted a study of the temperature of the charged particles produced by the p + p interaction of 205 GeV, where Tsallis temperatures are close to Hagedorn . On the other hand, Hagedor  and  temperatures are higher than Tsallis, which means that the unstable states exchange heat as they move to equilibrium

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SECONDARY PARTICLES FROM π-C INTERACTIONS AT 40 GEV/C IN DIFFERENT NUCLEAR MATTER PHASES

In this paper we have presented the angular and momentum characteristics of the secondary particles from Π–C interactions at 40 GeV/c in different phase transition regions of nuclear matter

Dependence of the cut-off parameters for the cluster reconstruction on incident momenta

In this work, firstly, we have determined the multiplicities of protons that are involved from projectiles to interactions, and secondly, the mean incident momentum using experimental data on the collisions of proton, helium, oxygen, silicon, and sulfur with the nuclear emulsion at 4.5A GeV/c. We have studied the dependences of clot numbers, number of particles in the clot, rapidity, and the mean azimuthal value on the variable dij, and the dependence of the cluster number on the mean value of the variable dij. Using the “Cone” algorithm for the clustering, we have precisely identified that the cut-off parameter to compose the clusters consisted of s and f tracks produced in (p, He, C, O, Si, S) + Em collisions decreases by the power law with mean values of incident momentum

Benign Osteoblastoma Involving Maxilla: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background. Osteoblastoma is a rare benign tumor. This tumor is characterized by osteoid and bone formation with the presence of numerous osteoblasts. The lesion is more frequently seen in long bones and rarely involves maxilla and mandible. Due to its clinical and histological similarity with other bone tumors such as osteoid osteoma and fibro-osseous lesions, osteoblastoma presents a diagnostic dilemma. Case Report. Very few cases of osteoblastomas involving maxillofacial region have been reported in the literature. This case report involves osteoblastoma involving right maxilla in an 18-year-old male patient. Following detailed clinical examination, radiological interpretation, and histopathological diagnosis, surgical excision was performed. The patient was followed up for a period of 3 years and was disease free. Summary and Conclusion. Benign osteoblastoma involving jaw bones is a rare tumor. There is a close resemblance of this tumor with other lesions such as fibro-osseous lesions and odontogenic tumors and thus faces a diagnostic challenge. Surgical excision with a long-term follow-up gives good prognosis to this lesion—Benign Osteoblastoma

A Preliminary Report on Cleft Deformities of the Face and associated Anomalies in Abha, Saudi Arabia

Cleft deformities of the face are one of the major congenital anomalies seen in our environment. There is a dearth of data from this major Southern city of Saudi Arabia on the incidence of the deformities and associated anomalies. This preliminary report aims to record the pattern of cleft lip/palate and associated anomalies at Aseer Central Hospital in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, to identify all cleft lip and palate patients that reported or were treated between 2005 and 2011. Cleft lip and/or palate records were obtained from patient’s files in Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Pediatrics and Medical records. Gender of patient, type of cleft and any associated congenital anomalies/syndromes were recorded. Results: Of the patient records studied, 60% were patients male and 40% female. Isolated cleft palate was the most common at 60% followed by combined cleft lip palate at 24% and isolated cleft lip at 16%. Eleven percent of the patient’s studies showed associated anomalies with isolated cleft palate. Conclusion: The study concluded that isolated cleft palate cases are more common than other variants of orofacial clefts. The pattern of cleft observed in the current study was similar to reported studies for Arab populations. This preliminary report lays the foundation for large population and birth registry based studies for prevalence and frequency of orofacial anomalies in Saudi Arabia