25 research outputs found
Analysis of pollution removal from wastewater by Ceratophyllum demersum
Water is one of the most stable and abundant complexes on nature that can be polluted with natural and human factors. Polluted water is harmful to human health and need to purify. One of the economic and rapid methods for elements removal is displacement of metals by biosorption. Two treatments in four replications for the purpose of purifying wastewater by Ceratophyllum demersum were designed. The treatments included raw municipal wastewater (RMW) and treated municipal wastewater (TMW). The experiment was performed at the open air of Khorasgan University area for 18 days without aeration. Result of the COD indicated that the COD of RMW and TMW were decreased from 664 to 152.75 mg/l and 260 to 64.5 mg/l, respectively. Also, this investigation demonstrated that the amount of ammonium in RMW and TMW decreased from135 to 15 meq/l and 90 to 10 meq/l, respectively. The amount of nitrate in RMW and TMW had a similar decreased from 60 to 30 meq/l as well as 4.48 to 0.53 meq/l, respectively and the amount of phosphorous in RMW and TMW declined from 13.68 to 1.15 meq/l and 4.48 to 0.53 meq/l, respectively. It could be concluded from these results that a significant amount of these macro elements were absorbed by C. demersum. The other factor that was measured in this study was the electrical conductivity (EC). Results of this factor indicated that the EC of treated municipal wastewater (from 1.34 to 0.95 ds/m) and the EC of raw municipal wastewater (from 2.68 to 2.12 ds/m) were reduced. The variation for NH4, NO3, COD and EC were < 5%. Therefore it was concluded that C. demersum can be used for refining wastewater
Using a very low-density SNP panel for genomic selection in a breeding program for sheep
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Saltcake Dissolution Studies in Single-Shell Tank Retrieval
Results of column dissolution experiments designed to evaluate the physical and chemical processes inherent to saltcake dissolution are presented along with model chemical equilibrium calculations. Two different compositions representing saltcakes in Hanford tanks were characterized, and porosities and permeabilities for a third composition based upon the saltcake waste in Tank 41H at the Savannah River Site (SRS) were also evaluated. Whereas the surrogates are all chemically similar, the presence of high phosphate loadings for the Hanford (HNF) simulants was noted as significantly affecting draining. The permeability was higher for the SRS saltcake, and the sodium nitrate loading in this saltcake was roughly 80% by weight compared to less than 60% by weight for the HNF compositions. Average values of the permeability and porosity were reduced for the surrogates based on Hanford Tanks S-112 and S-101. Here a secondary layer formed above the saltcake bed and was found to contain a large amount of gibbsite, Al(OH)3. Experiments with 3 molal (m) NaOH as a diluent, compared to water, did not result in additional layer formation that has been attributed to a change in local pH thereby altering the solid liquid equilibrium. Chemical analysis of the two HNF saltcakes indicated solids re-precipitation as a function of diluent added. The events were signified by large decreases in the nitrate and carbonate anion concentrations and were confined to low % dilution by weight values. Solids re-precipitation is noted as arising from the mixing of the dissolved saltcake stream with pockets of saturated interstitial liquor
Hydrotalcite as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Acylation of Phenols, Amines and Thiols Under Solvent-free Conditions
A wide variety of alcohols, phenols, amines and thiols were efficiently acylated with carboxylic acid anhydrides and chlorides in the presence of Hydrotalcite under solvent-free conditions at room temperature in good to high yields. Eco-friendly conditions and reusability of the catalyst are the most important advantages of this protocol