On-line blind separation of non-stationary signals

This paper addresses the problem of blind separation of non-stationary signals. We introduce an on-line separating algorithm for estimation of independent source signals using the assumption of non-stationary of sources. As a separating model, we apply a self-organizing neural network with lateral connections, and define a contrast function based on correlation of the network outputs. A separating algorithm for adaptation of the network weights is derived using the state-space model of the network dynamics, and the extended Kalman filter. Simulation results obtained in blind separation of artificial and real-world signals from their artificial mixtures have shown that separating algorithm based on the extended Kalman filter outperforms stochastic gradient based algorithm both in convergence speed and estimation accuracy

Average Bit Error Rate at Signal Transmission with OOK Modulation Scheme in Different FSO Channels

In this paper, the Average Bit Error Rate of the signal in the Free Space Optical system modulated with On-Off keying scheme is calculated and analysed. The Average Bit Error Rate is determined in the case of an atmospheric channel modelled with Gamma-Gamma distribution, Log-Normal distribution, K distribution and I-K distribution. The results are presented both analytically and graphically for different lengths of the Free Space Optical link and the strength of the atmospheric turbulence. The quality of the received signal based on the Average Bit Error Rate for weak, moderate and strong atmospheric turbulences, different lengths of the transmission section and different Signal-to-Noise Ratio values was analysed. The operation of the Free Space Optical system in the observed environment was simulated and the transmission quality was analysed based on Bit Error Rate and Q factor

Visina prosečnog prinosa ZPSC 341 u zavisnosti od procenta učešća fertilnih i sterilnih biljaka

The aim of the study was to determine the changes in grain yields in relation to the sterile to fertile plants ratio. Total of 21 mixtures of 0, 5, 10 up to 100 % of fertile plants mixed with the sterile variant of the hybrid ZPSC 341 was made. Because of reliability of the experiment the original fertile hybrid ZPSC 341 was used as a check three times. Effects of fertile, i.e. sterile cytoplasm of the observed hybrid on yield and yield variations were studied. The extent of dependence of the percentage of fertile plants on yield was determined. Furthermore, the sterile to fertile hybrid variant ratio resulting in the highest yield was established. The analysis of results indicate that the highest average yield (13.273 t ha-1) was obtained with 90 % fertility, while the lowest average yield (11.510 t ha-1) was gained with 10 % fertility.U radu su prikazani rezultati ogleda ZPSC 341 hibrida proizvedenog u 2015 godini. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se izvođenjem ogleda na određenoj lokaciji i primenom statističke analize, odredi optimalan odnos muški sterilne (cms-S osnova) i muški fertilne komponente komercijalnog hibrida ZPSC 341, kako bi se u komercijalnoj proizvodnji postigao maksimalan prinos. Ogled je postavljen na lokaciji Bijeljina u tri ponavljanja po slučajnom blok sistemu. Napravljena je 21 smeša sa po 0, 5, 10 do 100% fertilnih biljaka pomešanih sa sterilnom varijantom hibrida ZPSC 341. Kao kontrola, radi pouzdanosti eksperimenta u ogled je uključen orginalni fertilni hibrid ZPSC 341 kao standard tri puta (ZPSC 341 iz ručne oplodnje, ZPSC 341 F1 i ZPSC 341 iz recipročnog ukrštanja). Posmatran je prinos, variranje prinosa i uticaj na prinos učešća fertilne odnosno sterilne citoplazme ispitivanog hibrida. Statistička obrada podataka obuhvatila je analizu varijanse po slučajnom blok sistemu, regresionu i korelacionu analizu prinosa zrna i procenta fertilnih biljaka u hibridu ZPSC 341, kako bi se utvrdile promene prosečnog prinosa zrna u odnosu na procenat učešća sterilnih i fertilnih biljaka. Utvrđeno je u kojoj meri postoji zavisnost procenta fertilnosti na prinos odnosno koji odnos sterilne i fertilne varijante hibrida je ostvario najveći prinos. Analiza rezultata je pokazala da je najveći prosečan prinos bio sa 90% fertilnosri (13,273 t ha-1) za razliku od hibrida sa 10% fertilnosti koji je imao najmanji prosečan prinos (11,510 t ha-1)

Visina prosečnog prinosa ZPSC 341 u zavisnosti od procenta učešća fertilnih i sterilnih biljaka

The aim of the study was to determine the changes in grain yields in relation to the sterile to fertile plants ratio. Total of 21 mixtures of 0, 5, 10 up to 100 % of fertile plants mixed with the sterile variant of the hybrid ZPSC 341 was made. Because of reliability of the experiment the original fertile hybrid ZPSC 341 was used as a check three times. Effects of fertile, i.e. sterile cytoplasm of the observed hybrid on yield and yield variations were studied. The extent of dependence of the percentage of fertile plants on yield was determined. Furthermore, the sterile to fertile hybrid variant ratio resulting in the highest yield was established. The analysis of results indicate that the highest average yield (13.273 t ha-1) was obtained with 90 % fertility, while the lowest average yield (11.510 t ha-1) was gained with 10 % fertility.U radu su prikazani rezultati ogleda ZPSC 341 hibrida proizvedenog u 2015 godini. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se izvođenjem ogleda na određenoj lokaciji i primenom statističke analize, odredi optimalan odnos muški sterilne (cms-S osnova) i muški fertilne komponente komercijalnog hibrida ZPSC 341, kako bi se u komercijalnoj proizvodnji postigao maksimalan prinos. Ogled je postavljen na lokaciji Bijeljina u tri ponavljanja po slučajnom blok sistemu. Napravljena je 21 smeša sa po 0, 5, 10 do 100% fertilnih biljaka pomešanih sa sterilnom varijantom hibrida ZPSC 341. Kao kontrola, radi pouzdanosti eksperimenta u ogled je uključen orginalni fertilni hibrid ZPSC 341 kao standard tri puta (ZPSC 341 iz ručne oplodnje, ZPSC 341 F1 i ZPSC 341 iz recipročnog ukrštanja). Posmatran je prinos, variranje prinosa i uticaj na prinos učešća fertilne odnosno sterilne citoplazme ispitivanog hibrida. Statistička obrada podataka obuhvatila je analizu varijanse po slučajnom blok sistemu, regresionu i korelacionu analizu prinosa zrna i procenta fertilnih biljaka u hibridu ZPSC 341, kako bi se utvrdile promene prosečnog prinosa zrna u odnosu na procenat učešća sterilnih i fertilnih biljaka. Utvrđeno je u kojoj meri postoji zavisnost procenta fertilnosti na prinos odnosno koji odnos sterilne i fertilne varijante hibrida je ostvario najveći prinos. Analiza rezultata je pokazala da je najveći prosečan prinos bio sa 90% fertilnosri (13,273 t ha-1) za razliku od hibrida sa 10% fertilnosti koji je imao najmanji prosečan prinos (11,510 t ha-1)

Formiranje diferencijalnih jednačina za određivanje električne provodljivosti vodenih rastvora elektrolita

This work deals with the formation of the system of approximate linear differential equations of the first order for approximate determination of the electrical conductivity of the sulfur acid and kalium-hydroxide water solutions, which are electrolytes of lead and nickel-cadmium batteries. The solution of such equations is helpful for the practice and research of electrochemical systems which serve as chemical sources of direct electrical current. Occurrence of electrical current in them is a consequence of ions moving within electrolyte solution under influence of electrical field. The equations interpret experimental values of electrical conductivity of those electrolytes. Using the Runge-Cute method of the forth order, along with the appropriate functions of the Matlab Computer Program, satisfactory results are obtained in relatively short time. Using the well thought-out approach, the characteristics of electrolytes in the form of numerical values of variables are obtained, which enables for the mathematical analysis of working regime and examination of parameters that impact the properties of electrochemical systems.U radu su obrađeni sistemi aproksimacionih linearnih diferencijalnih jednačina prvog reda za približno određivanje električne provodljivosti koncentrovanih rastvora sumporne kiseline i kalijum-hidroksida, koji su elektroliti olovnog odnosno nikal-kadmijum akumulatora. Rešavanje takvih jednačina je od pomoći za praksu i istraživanja elektrohemijskih sistema koji služe kao hemijski izvori jednosmerne električne struje. Pojava struje u njima jeste posledica kretanja jona u rastvoru elektrolita pod uticajem električnog polja. Jednačine interpretiraju eksperimentalne vrednosti električne provodljivosti ovih elektrolita. Metodom Runge-Kuta četvrtog reda i pomoću odgovarajućih funkcija Matlab računarskog programa, dobijaju se zadovoljavajući rezultati za relativno kratko vreme. Osmišljenim postupkom dobijaju se karaktetistike elektrolita u vidu numeričkih vrednosti promenljivih, što omogućuje matematičku analizu režima rada i ispitativanje uticajnih parametara na osobine elektrohemijskih sistema

Constrained spectral clustering via multi–layer graph embeddings on a grassmann manifold

We present two algorithms in which constrained spectral clustering is implemented as unconstrained spectral clustering on a multi-layer graph where constraints are represented as graph layers. By using the Nystrom approximation in one of the algorithms, we obtain time and memory complexities which are linear in the number of data points regardless of the number of constraints. Our algorithms achieve superior or comparative accuracy on real world data sets, compared with the existing state-of-the-art solutions. However, the complexity of these algorithms is squared with the number of vertices, while our technique, based on the Nyström approximation method, has linear time complexity. The proposed algorithms efficiently use both soft and hard constraints since the time complexity of the algorithms does not depend on the size of the set of constraints

Istraživanja uticajnih veličina na iskorišćenja olovnog elektrohemijskog sistema

For the purpose of making a lead battery of the standard quality, characteristics of the exploitation depending on influential values, were tested: currents, temperatures and containing level of the antimony in electrode alloys lead-antimony, what is the essence and main goal of the processed problems in work. Researches were done by performing many experimental measuring on five brand new, dry filled, lead batteries of the same type, with the nominal voltage Un = 12 V and the nominal capacity qn = C20 = 44 Ah, with the standard values in processes of charging and discharging. Obtained results demonstrates that while discharging battery with the help of higher currents than nominal and lower temperatures then room temperature, but with the most optimal containing antimony level in electrode alloy, utilization is smaller than nominal.Radi dobijanja olovnog akumulatora propisanog kvaliteta, ispitivane su karakteristike iskorišćenja u zavisnosti od uticajnih veličina: struje, temperature i sadržaja antimona u elektrodnim legurama olovo-antimon, što predstavlja suštinu i glavni cilj obrađene problematike u radu. Ispitivanja su vršena setom eksperimentalnih merenja na pet nova suvo napunjena olovna akumulatora istoga tipa, nominalnog napona Un = 12 V i nominalnog kapaciteta qn = C20 = 44 Ah, sa propisanim vrednostima veličina u procesima punjenja i pražnjenja. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da se pri pražnjenju akumulatora većim strujama od nominalne i pri nižim temperatura od sobne, ali sa najoptimalnijim sadržajem antimona u elektrodnim legurama, dobijaju manja iskorišćenja od nominalnih

A primal sub-gradient method for structured classification with the averaged sum loss

We present a primal sub-gradient method for structured SVM optimization defined with the averaged sum of hinge losses inside each example. Compared with the mini-batch version of the Pegasos algorithm for the structured case, which deals with a single structure from each of multiple examples, our algorithm considers multiple structures from a single example in one update. This approach should increase the amount of information learned from the example. We show that the proposed version with the averaged sum loss has at least the same guarantees in terms of the prediction loss as the stochastic version. Experiments are conducted on two sequence labeling problems, shallow parsing and part-of-speech tagging, and also include a comparison with other popular sequential structured learning algorithms

Određivanje električne i molarne provodljivosti vodenog rastvora srebro-nitrata modeliranjem sistema diferencijalnim jednačinama

This work deals with problematical of approximate determination of the electrical and molar conductivity water solutions silver-nitrate with method of formation system approximate differential equations of first order. The solution of the issue would be of great significance for practice and research in the electrochemistry, since the above-mentioned equations are based on experimental measurements of electrical and molar conductivity of the analyzed electrolytes. Very precise, reliable and useful results are obtained in very short period of time if such equations solved by Runge-Cute method of the forth order, using the appropriate functions of the Matlab Computer Program. Thus, the characteristics of the electrolytes are expressed by the numerical values of the variables, which enables the analysis of working regime and revision of the parameters' or certain quantity impact on system characteristics.U radu je predložen novi način modeliranja dinamičkih sistema baziran na formiranju sistema aproksimacionih linearnih diferencijalnih jednačina prvog reda za približno određivanje električne i molarne provodljivost provodljivosti vodenog rastvora srebro-nitrata. Rešavanje ovog pitanja je od velikog značaja za praksu i istraživanja u oblasti elektrohemije, a navedene jednačine se postavljaju na osnovu eksperimentalnih merenja električne i molarne provodljivosti razmatranog elektrolita. Rešavanjem tako postavljenih jednačina metodom Runge-Kuta četvrtog reda pomoću odgovarajućih funkcija Matlab računarskog programa, dobijaju se veoma precizni, pouzdani i zadovoljavajući rezultati za relativno kratko vreme. Na taj način se dobijaju karaktetistike elektrolita u vidu numeričkih vrednosti promenljivih, što omogućuje analizu režima rada i ispitivanje uticajnih parametara na osobine sistema

Približno određivanje karakteristika procesa pražnjenja elektrohemijskog Ni-Cd sistema

In this publication we were talking about problems of approximate determination of characteristics in functions depending on voltage, energy and conductivity of discharging, using interpolar and approximation math methods, on concrete examples nonhermetics cells and batteries on room temperature. It was shown how it is under data's of experimental measurements of voltage, electric current and time, discharging gives estimated values of characteristics into process mention systems, by using second Njutn or Lagrange's interpolar polynomial and math model which is looking like corresponding polynomial which is calculate by approximation of smallest quadrates. Also is shown how and in which relation electric current of discharging, effects on a value remainder capacity indicated electrochemical system in constant temperature. Derived results for mentioned characteristics are satisfactory for practice and further examinations, which is goal of this publication. .U radu je obrađena problematika približnog određivanja karakteristika funkcija napona, energije i kapaciteta pražnjenja primenom interpolacionih i aproksimacionih matematičkih metoda, na konkretnim primerima nehermetičke ćelije i akumulatora na sobnoj temperaturi. Pokazano je kako se na osnovu podataka eksperimentalnih merenja napona, struja i vremena pražnjenja dobijaju približne vrednosti karakteristika procesa pražnjenja navedenih sistema primenom drugog Njutnovog ili Lagranžeovog interpolacionog polinoma i matematičkog modela u vidu polinoma odgovarajućeg stepena dobijenog aproksimacionom metodom najmanjih kvadrata. Takođe je pokazano kako i u kojoj meri struja pražnjenja utiče na vrednost odatog raspoloživog kapaciteta navedenog elektrohemijskog sistema pri nepromenljivoj temperaturi. Dobijeni rezultati za navedene karakteristike su zadovoljavajući za praksu i dalja istraživanja, što jeste cilj ovog rada