Correspondence analyses showing the distribution of spiders on the fogged trees.

<p>Spider communities on deciduous trees and conifers are clearly separated exhibiting a larger similarity within than between groups (A). For both deciduous (B) and coniferous (C) trees, tree-species-specific patterns were identified. No such pattern was found for the oak trees.</p

Diversity of spider communities.

<p>Diversity of spider communities collected by insecticidal knock down from deciduous and coniferous trees in Poland. Rarefaction values (RAF) computed on standardized individual numbers (ind) allow direct comparison suggesting large differences in species diversity among tree species (Qr = <i>Q. robur</i>, Cb = <i>C. betulus</i>, Ag = <i>A. glutinosa</i>, Bp = <i>B. pendula</i>, Pt = <i>P. tremula</i>, Pa = <i>P. abies</i>, Ps = <i>P. sylvestris</i>).</p

Beta diversity of spider communities.

<p>Comparison of spider communities per tree species on the beta diversity level. The density distribution of Morisita-Horn values of 1000 permutations of ten randomly chosen trees visualizes differences in community composition independent of sample size. Beta diversity was largest on oak, followed by spruce and alder trees.</p

Guild distribution.

<p>Box-plots showing characteristic types of distributions of guilds on different tree species. Abbreviation: Space-web weavers = Spa, tangle weavers = Tan, orb-web weavers = Orb, ambushers = Amb, stalkers = Sta, foliage runners = Fol. Guild composition was uniform on most trees (<i>Quercus</i>, <i>Carpinus</i>, <i>Betula</i> and <i>Picea</i>), while <i>Alnus</i> and <i>Pinus</i> were dominated by tangle and orb-web weavers.</p

Intragenomic CBC distribution.

<p>Intragenomic CBC distribution.</p

Analogosedation during flexible bronchoscopy using a combination of midazolam, propofol and fentanyl – A retrospective analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>According to current guidelines flexible bronchoscopy is usually performed under sedation. Previously it has been demonstrated that combined sedation with e. g. the combination of midazolam and propofol or an opioid might have several advantages over sedation with just one sedative drug. However, little is known about the efficacy and safety of combined sedation with midazolam, fentanyl and propofol (MFP) compared to sedation with midazolam and fentanyl (MF) or midazolam and propofol (MP).</p><p>Methods</p><p>We carried out a retrospective analysis of bronchoscopies performed under triple (MFP) or double sedation (MF and MP) in an academic hospital. 1392 procedures were analyzed (MFP: n = 824; MF: n = 272; MP: n = 296). In particular, we compared the occurrence of complications and the dosage of administered sedative drugs between the groups.</p><p>Results</p><p>The occurrence of adverse events (MFP vs. MF: odds ratio (OR) 1.116 [95% CI 0.7741 to 1.604]; MFP vs. MP: OR 0.8296 [95% CI 0.5939 to 1.16] and severe adverse events (MFP vs. MF: OR 1.581 [95% CI 0.5594 to 4.336]; MFP vs. MP: OR 3.47 [95% CI 0.908 to 15.15]; all p>0.05) was similar in all groups. The dosage of midazolam was lower in the MFP compared to the MF or MP group (MFP vs. MF: Cohen’s d 0.075; MFP vs. MP: Cohen’s d 0.225; all p<0.001). In addition patients in the MFP group received significantly less propofol compared to the MP group (Cohen’s d 1.22; p<0.001).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>In summary we were able to demonstrate that triple sedation can safely be administered during flexible bronchoscopy and is associated with a reduced dosage of midazolam and propofol.</p></div

Scatterplot of all intragenomic ITS2 variants of five different species of the genus <i>Citrus</i>.

<p>The mean number of CBCs of one variant is plotted versus the variant frequencies. Typically, there are no CBCs between the variants as it is e.g. the case for <i>Citrus aurantium</i> and <i>Citrus reticulata</i>. Another typical behaviour is represented by all three other species, where one, several or a group of rare variants (<2%, as indicated by the dotted grey line) consistently show at least one CBC to the remaining ones. For all other 167 species investigated in this study see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066726#pone.0066726.s002" target="_blank">file S2</a>.</p

Scatterplot of the main intragenomic ITS2 variant of all species each.

<p>The frequency of the main variant is plotted versus the mean number of CBCs as compared to all remaining variants of the species. All 167 species are investigated. According to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066726#pone-0066726-g002" target="_blank">figure 2</a>, exemplarily different species of the genus <i>Citrus</i> are highlighted right to the respective data point. For example the main variant of <i>Citrus medica</i> occurs with a frequency of ∼84%. Three remaining variants (cf. Fig. 2) together occur in 16% and show 0.2 CBCs on average as compared to the main type. Most data points are close to zero and show no CBCs between different variants. Additionally, densities of the main variant frequencies and CBC means are given above and right to the respective margins. Mainly, there are one or two main variants per species.</p

Patient flow chart.

<p>Patient flow chart.</p

Boxplot of the number of intragenomic ITS2 variants per species on a log scale.

<p>The median number of variants is 23, while this number ranges from 1 up to 253 variants. Due to the right skewed distribution the mean number of variants is ∼35.</p