14 research outputs found

    Absolute count of all flash crash (spike) occurrences.

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    <p>Each UEE is represented by its largest best bid (ask) price jump. The scale is linear.</p

    Absolute count on a logarithmic scale of all UEE occurrences versus time with a bin size of one week.

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    <p>At the end of the third and at the beginning of the last quarter in 2008, the number of UEEs virtually explodes due to the financial crisis.</p

    Price time series of a typical UEE to illustrate the definition of the recovery rate <i>η</i><sub><i>n</i></sub>.

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    <p>The shown excerpt is the price time series of AAPL on NASDAQ, 12/01/2008. The vertical lines mark the specific instances , and in time.</p

    Occurrences of UEEs depending on their industrial sector (as per Global Industry Classification Standard).

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    <p>Occurrences of UEEs depending on their industrial sector (as per Global Industry Classification Standard).</p

    Histogram of all flash crashes (spikes) depending on their recovery rate <i>η</i><sub><i>n</i></sub>.

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    <p>It shows the absolute count of all flash crashes (spikes) as level curves over the plane of recovery rate <i>η</i><sub><i>n</i></sub> and number of trades <i>n</i> (with 1 ≤ <i>n</i> ≤ 50) after the end of the UEE. Due to better visualization an empty line is added for <i>n</i> = 0.</p

    Absolute count of all UEE occurrences versus the relative price deviations.

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    <p>It is shown on a linear scale with a bin size of 0.001. The gap around zero is due to the UEE criterion. The double arrows indicate the direction of the price change.</p

    Effects of conditional p38α deletion on anti-GBM nephritis.

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    <p>(A) p38MAPKα deletion is depending on tissue and reaches from 50–100%. (B) Western blot experiments reveal significant reduction of p38 phosphorylation in kidneys of <i>MxCre-p38α<sup>Δ/Δ</sup></i> transgenic mice at day 14 after induction of anti-GBM nephritis. Downstream activation of MK2 is also strongly reduced. Three representative animals are shown in each group. (C) Survival of wild type and <i>MxCre-p38α<sup>Δ/Δ</sup></i> mice during anti-GBM nephritis shows no difference (controls n = 10, continuous line; wild type n = 16, spotted line; <i>MxCre-p38α<sup>Δ/Δ</sup></i> mice n = 18, dashed line). (D) Serum urea levels in wild-type (day 14: mean 66.61±18.33 mg/dl; n = 9) and <i>MxCre-p38α<sup>Δ/Δ</sup></i> mice (day 14: mean 58.43±10.46 mg/dl, p = ns vs. wild-type; n = 9). (E) Creatinine clearance decreases in both wild type (134.4±29.70; n = 8) and <i>MxCre-p38α<sup>Δ/Δ</sup></i> (97.79±16.15; n = 8) mice.</p
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