DE-SHADOWING OF THE ECONOMY IN THE FIELD OF NON-BANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

The purpose of the article is to define the de-shadowing of the economy in the sphere of non-bank financial institutions. The author presents the peculiarities of the domestic shadow economy and defines the concept of the shadow economy in the non-banking financial sector, identifies the components of the shadow economy, and proposes measures to overcome shadow economic processes. Subject of the research – de-shadowing economy in the sphere of activities of non-banking financial institutions. The shadow economy in the NFI is a complex socio-economic phenomenon, which is presented as a set of uncontrolled and unregulated, both illegal and legal, but immoral financial and economic relations in the sphere of activity of the NFI, which are in conflict with the legislation in force and are characterised by deliberate illegal acts of individuals, committed with the aim of concealing their income from the state and its bodies, making profits, evading taxes, etc. The shadow economy has three components: the informal, the hidden and the underground (criminal) economy. The informal economy is characterised by unregulated production of goods and provision of services; the hidden economy is the legal production and sale of unregistered goods and services; the underground (criminal) economy – prohibited activities (corruption, drug trafficking, etc.). Methodology – the article uses general scientific methods of formal logic (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, abstraction and modeling). It should be noted that the content analysis method made it possible to determine the influence of the shadow economy on the commission of violations in the field of activity of NFIs, to show in a qualitative and quantitative ratio, in general, the trends in the level of spread of violations in their activities. Results. The definition of the concept of the shadow economy in the non-banking financial sphere is given – it is a complex socio-economic phenomenon, which is a set of uncontrolled and unregulated, both illegal and legal, but immoral financial and economic relations in the sphere of activity of NFIs, which are in conflict with the legislation in force and are characterised by deliberate illegal actions of persons with the purpose of concealing their income from the state and its bodies, making profits, evading taxes, etc.; the components of the shadow economy are defined; it has been proved that Ukraine has a fairly extensive shadow economy in its economy, which actually serves as the basis of the country's entire financial policy. The NBU acts as a state regulator of social relations arising during the conduct of economic activities related to finance (public or private)

Rebuilding a place to call home: Sharing knowledge for the recovery of Ukraine

On Wednesday 15 February 2023, PBL organised 'Ukraine’s housing recovery forum — rebuilding a place to call home’. The aim of the event was ‘sharing knowledge for action’. In this report, the authors draw lessons from that event and elaborate them further. Why talking about recovery while the war is ongoing? Recovery requires long-term planning and structural investments. In other words, proper and systematic preparation of policy in the public interest, no ad-hoc and one-off financial injections that favour only the already well-off. PBL became involved when asked to do so, because we felt the responsibility, as an organisation at the interface of science and policy with experience in connecting knowledge to action. On top of that, we are based in a country with a strong tradition in social housing and spatial planning. The event and the report were not only about Ukraine but also with Ukraine, as many Ukrainian researchers and policymakers were deeply involved in the conference as well as in the writing of the report. In this report building blocks for the structuring of Ukraine’s recovery are presented, based on experiences with best practices form all over Europe. It is up to Ukraine and its international partners to take the next steps. The report provides evidence on the current state of housing in Ukraine and how these challenges can be addressed through technical assistance, policy reform and capacity building, drawing on international best practices and experience. In doing so, it offers advice for the Ukrainian Government and other key stakeholders, such as the European Commission and multilateral development banks who shape the implementation of the recovery process

Laser generation of CeAlO3 nanocrystals with perovskite structure

For the first time to the best of our knowledge, CeAlO3 nanocrystals with perovskite structure are synthesized by pulsed laser ablation technique. The morphological and optical properties of the obtained CeAlO3 nanocrystals are investigated. This work opens new prospects for the application of laser ablation methods for the generation of perovskite nanocrystals and development of novel nanocomposite structures, which can be applied for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells, scintillation detectors, catalysts, etc