Theranostics Application of Graphene-Based Materials in Cancer Imaging, Targeting and Treatment

Recent advancements in graphene-based nanomaterials provide the opportunity that compliments the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs) through simultaneous targeting of the anticancer drug to the cancer cell by reducing the side effects of other administration routes. Graphene with its extraordinary electronic properties like larger surface area, possibilities of surface modification, can efficiently target the tumor cell. At the same time, nanocarriers have the advantages of immune clearance adulteration of physicochemical properties of anticancer drug. The DDSs can be made by biodegradable nanocarriers such as proteins, peptides, biocompatible polymers, antibodies, polymer-drug conjugates, etc. Graphene-supported DDSs in cancer therapy also supports the co-delivery of therapeutic agents, antioxidants, SiRNA, shRNA, etc. as the co-delivery approach, which provide additive or synergistic therapeutic efficacy and can reduce toxic effects

Computational and experimental study of molecular interaction in a ternary liquid mixture of cyclohexylamine+ethanol+benzene

1072-1080In the present investigation, we undertake the study of molecular interaction in a ternary mixture of cyclohexylamine (CHA), ethanol (Eth) and benzene (B) theoretically as well as experimentally. We study the interaction between CHA dimer and complexes (Eth-CHA, B-CHA, CHA-Eth-B) theoretically using DFT (Density functional theory) in gas phase. It includes the quantum chemical calculations of interaction energy, bond length, and identification of the intermolecular interaction from structural parameter analysis and molecular orbital analysis. Further, we experimentally determine the excess thermo-acoustic parameters of the mixture. For this, we have measured the ultrasonic velocity (u) and density (ρ) of the ternary mixture of CHA+Eth+B and of pure components at 303 K, 308 K and 313 K temperature. From these experimental values of u and ρ, excess thermo-acoustic parameters have been estimated using standard relations. The variations in excess acoustic parameters with the concentration of CHA (x1) are discussed in terms of the interactions and molecular geometry of the liquid mixture. At lower concentration, weak interactions dominate while on increasing x1 strong forces between molecules take place. The strong H-bonding interaction between CHA-ethanol molecules and molar volume differences of pure components leads to interstitial accommodation of molecules. The experimentally determined excess properties behaviour is supported by the theoretical calculation

Study of optical interaction between UO2++ and Ho3+ in zinc phosphate glass

5-10A study of Non-radiative energy transfer in UO2-Ho system in zinc phosphate glass has been done by observing the steady state emission of UO2++ with varying concentration of Ho3+ in zinc phosphate glass at room temperature. It has been observed that UO2++ ion emission intensity decreases with increasing Ho3+ concentration resulting in a non-radiative energy transfer from UO2++ to Ho3+. The energy transfer mechanism for the systems is confirmed to be electric dipole-dipole in nature according to Fong-Diestler’s, Forster and Dexter’s and Van Uitert’s theory. The donor-acceptor distances (DD→A) and transfer efficiencies (η), as well as energy transfer probabilities (Pda) in presence of different acceptor concentration, have been calculated

Study of optical interaction between UO2++ and Ho3+ in zinc phosphate glass

Abstract A study of Non-radiative energy transfer in UO2-Ho system in zinc phosphate glass has been done by observing the steady state emission of UO2++ with varying concentration of Ho3+ in zinc phosphate glass at room temperature. It has been observed that UO2++ ion emission intensity decreases with increasing Ho3+ concentration resulting in a non-radiative energy transfer from UO2++ to Ho3+. The energy transfer mechanism for the systems is confirmed to be electric dipole-dipole in nature according to Fong-Diestler’s, Forster and Dexter’s and Van Uitert’s theory. The donor-acceptor distances (DD→A) and transfer efficiencies (η), as well as energy transfer probabilities (Pda) in presence of different acceptor concentration, have been calculated

Respiratory T-Wave Inversion in a Patient With Chest Pain

T-wave inversion on electrocardiogram (ECG) is always a concerning finding as it is often associated with myocardial ischemia or ventricular strain. Respiratory variation in the T-wave morphology has been reported in the literature; however, the frequency of this observation remains unknown as this is not routinely evaluated. Although the exact physiological mechanisms underlying this ECG change are unclear, it is proposed to be due to the respiratory variation of the heart position resulting in an alteration in T-wave polarity. We describe a case of a patient who presented with chest pain with T-wave inversions in inferior and lateral ECG leads. On repeating ECG with breath held in end inspiration, the T waves became positive. The pain was found to be musculoskeletal in origin. This case is a reminder of an under-recognized physiological phenomenon involving the cardiac conduction. Variation of T-wave morphology with respiration may suggest a noncardiac cause of chest pain

Recurrent Upper Extremity Thrombosis Associated with Overactivity: A Case of Delayed Diagnosis of Paget-Schroetter Syndrome

Paget-Schroetter syndrome is thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian vein that is associated with strenuous and repetitive activity of the upper extremities. Overuse of the arm coupled with external compression results in microtrauma in the intima of the subclavian vein, resulting in the activation of the coagulation cascade. Diagnosis is usually made by Doppler ultrasound and the treatment involves thrombolysis, while routine surgical decompression of the thoracic outlet is controversial. In this report, we present a case of a patient who presented with a second episode of spontaneous right upper extremity deep venous thrombosis. The first episode was inadequately treated with oral anticoagulation alone. During the second episode, Paget-Schroetter syndrome was diagnosed, after careful review of his occupational history. He subsequently underwent angioplasty and decompression of thoracic outlet with no recurrence of thrombosis in a 12-month follow-up period

Physical vulnerability evaluation of buildings exposed to Balia Nala landslide using indicator-based approach and GIS: a case study of Nainital town, Uttarakhand, India

The Balia Nala landslide in Nainital has become a widely concerning issue due to its frequent reactivation and rampant construction over its slope. It has underscored the importance of characterizing the Balia Nala landslide and quantification of the physical vulnerability of the buildings. The current study incorporates the indicator-based approach with the aid of Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess the site-specific physical vulnerability of the buildings exposed to debris flow landslide. The vulnerability of the 63 household samples was computed using 15 different indicators. Empirical relationships were employed for estimating the intensity of the landslide, resistance of the buildings, physical vulnerability (PV), and site-specific vulnerability (SSV). A very high landslide intensity of value ‘1’ has been evaluated in the area. 89% and 11% of the surveyed buildings came out to be moderately (0.5 \u3c R ≤ 0.9) and low resistant (R ≤ 0.5) respectively. The final study results show that 44% of the surveyed buildings fall under class III (0.9 \u3c SSV ≤ 1; very severe to complete damage), and about 56% fall under class II (0.5 \u3c SSV ≤ 0.9; moderate to severe damage). None of the buildings surveyed falls under class I (SSV ≤ 0.5), which would be subjected to low damage. This research opens a new avenue to frame or revise proper guidelines on building constructions and design, specifically concerning landslides in the hilly terrain. It would also help the State Disaster Management Authority and Irrigation Department, Nainital, take efficient disaster risk reduction measures to reduce the landslide intensity, increase buildings’ resistance, and prioritize relocation of the vulnerable households