Infringement of exclusive rights on the Internet: A comparative analysis of regulation on the applicable law

The issues on applicable law in cases of infringement of the exclusive rights on the Internet are usually considered through the traditional approach, while the specifics of the Internet as a decentralized and cross-border network are not taken into account. This fact urges to critically rethink and update existing approaches on the applicable law. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the law applicable to establishing the fact of infringement and the law applicable to the choice for remedies.The author analyzes acts of various levels (including the Berne Convention, legislation of the European Union, the Russian Federation, Switzerland, the People’s Republic of China, soft law initiatives) and concludes that soft law initiatives contain proposals for more detailed regulation, but due to their nature they are not binding on the law enforcer. It is necessary to define the conditions which the choice of the country for which a person claims protection should correspond to. Thus, the plaintiff should choose the country where the resulting harm for that person is more significant. What is also important is to provide the parties with the opportunity to choose applicable law for remedies after the dispute occurs that will increase legal certainty of legal relations

Higher education in Russia and abroad: opportunities and prospects

В данной статье представлены результаты сравнительного анализа систем высшего образования, в рамках которого рассматриваются ступени получения высшего образования в России, США и западноевропейских странах.This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of higher education systems, which examines the stages of higher education in Russia, the United States and Western European countries

ACTUAL ISSUES OF MASTOPATHY DIAGNOSTICS IN LARGE INDUSTRIAL CITY OF CHELYABINSK REGION

Urban ecological problems are associated with industrial pollution emissions, waste of metallurgical production, unhealthy lifestyle and reproductive behavior lead to a steady rise in cancer pathology in theChelyabinskregion. Women in early reproductive age living in areas of ecological concern with suspected mastopathies, exhibit significantly higher levels of tumor markers associated with the tumor cell membranes of (CA19-9, SA15-5, CA125), CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen). Therefore, it seems necessary to perform massive laboratory programs for oncological screening, especially, among young working population, in order to identify breast diseases, and to arrange appropriate risk groups at this basis, aiming for development of effective preventive measures for the future

Mapping the Neural Substrates of Recent and Remote Visual Imprinting Memory in the Chick Brain

Social attachment formed by filial imprinting in newborn chicks undergoes a process of memory consolidation that involves rearrangement of its neural storage substrates. In the first 3 h after imprinting it depends on the integrity of the intermediate medial mesopallium (IMM) and beyond that time on unidentified memory storage structures dubbed S’. To search for the S’ memory system in the chick brain, we mapped and compared patterns of activity induced by retrieval of filial attachment memory before and after this critical transition. Chicks were trained in the visual imprinting task, and their memory was reactivated by imprinting stimulus either 1 h (recent memory retrieval) or 24 h (remote memory retrieval) after the completion of training. Patterns of brain activity were mapped by in situ hybridization to mRNA of an immediate early gene c-fos. We also mapped c-fos expression induced by the first presentation of the imprinting stimulus. Memory retrieval triggered massive c-fos expression in the chick brain both 1 and 24 h after the end of training. These activity patterns mostly coincided with the c-fos expression induced by the first presentation of imprinting stimulus. However, in the hippocampus c-fos induction was observed only after the first exposure to imprinting stimulus but not after memory retrieval. In the IMM, medio-rostral nidopallium/mesopallium, and hyperpallium densocellulare c-fos activation was induced by retrieval of only the remote but not of the recent memory. These c-fos mapping data point to the candidate brain structures for systems reorganization of imprinting memory in chicks

Chemoenzymatic Probes for Detecting and Imaging Fucose-α(1-2)-galactose Glycan Biomarkers

The disaccharide motif fucose-α(1-2)-galactose (Fucα(1-2)Gal) is involved in many important physiological processes, such as learning and memory, inflammation, asthma, and tumorigenesis. However, the size and structural complexity of Fucα(1-2)Gal-containing glycans have posed a significant challenge to their detection. We report a new chemoenzymatic strategy for the rapid, sensitive detection of Fucα(1-2)Gal glycans. We demonstrate that the approach is highly selective for the Fucα(1-2)Gal motif, detects a variety of complex glycans and glycoproteins, and can be used to profile the relative abundance of the motif on live cells, discriminating malignant from normal cells. This approach represents a new potential strategy for biomarker detection and expands the technologies available for understanding the roles of this important class of carbohydrates in physiology and disease

Development of interactive dialogue simulator for studying functional disorders of children's digestive organs

The purpose of the study is the article is devoted to the development of an interactive simulator for the study of children's FDDS.Цель исследования. Статья посвящена разработке интерактивного диалогового тренажера для изучения ФРОП у детей

Development of interactive dialogue simulators for training algorithmized actions of a pediatricist

The purpose of the study. is to develope an interactive simulator for the study of functional disorders of the children’s digestive system.Цель исследования - статья посвящена разработке интерактивного тренажера для изучения функциональных расстройств органов пищеварения у детей