Risk factors of low peak bone mass in Indonesian women

Background: Osteoporosis occurred in 64% of Indonesian women aged 60-64 years. The risk of osteoporosis can be reduced by achieving optimal peak bone mass in ages 25-32 years. However, 33.4% women had low peak bone mass (LPBM).Objective: We aimed to develop a tool to identify women at risk of developing LPBM in order to ameliorate this situation. Some risk/protective factors were explored in a case-control study.Method: We recruited 25 cases, those with LPBM (T-score <1) according to peripheral bone densitometry and 25 controls from Cengkareng District, West Jakarta. They were assessed using questionnaires to explore their historical intake of calcium, tea/coffee, and weight-bearing activity. We also measured BMI and body composition. Parameters among case and control groups were analyzed using independent T-test or Mann-Whitney, and odds ratio in relation to peak bone mass was also computed.Results: Between cases and controls, there were no differences observed in BMI, body composition, weight-bearing activity, and historical tea/coffee consumption. Calcium intake from sources other than milk and its derivatives were also found not to differ. Historical calcium index (HCI), measuring weekly calcium intake since childhood, was found lower in cases (median=160 vs 965; p=0.001). HCI cut-off analysis found that the values of 300 and 1000 yielded good specificity (80%) and sensitivity (92%) for LPBM. OR analysis identified those with HCI <1000 (OR=0.61; 95% CI: 2.05−54.95) as at moderate risk of developing LPBM, and HCI ≤ 300 as at higher risk.Conclusion: We concluded that, as low HCI was the risk factor for developing LPBM, calculation of HCI should be done to earlier identify women at risk, thus prompting earlier nutrition and lifestyle intervention to prevent the occurrence of LPBM and future osteoporosis

PROFIL ANTROPOMETRIK, VITAMIN D, B12, FOLAT, DAN FERITIN PASIEN OBES PRABEDAH BARIATRIK DI POLIKLINIK GIZI RUMAH SAKIT SUMBER WARAS

Obese patients, especially patients with severe obesity and requiring bariatric surgery, have a high prevalence of nutrient deficiencies. This study aims to determine some of the basic characteristics of patients undergoing bariatric surgery so that they can be used as supporting data for post-bariatric surgery nutrition medical therapy, particularly in the provision of food sources and micronutrient supplementation which can be deficient due to anatomic and physiological alterations after the surgery. The study was conducted on 55 preoperative bariatric patients by assessing age, gender, and degree of obesity based on body mass index (BMI), serum vitamin D and B12 levels, erythrocyte folic acid, and serum ferritin of subjects. The study is descriptive with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were taken by consecutive sampling. The results showed that the mean age of preoperative bariatric patients was 36 ± 7.1 years; most (85.5%) were women. Most subjects (34.5%) had BMI of 35­–39.9 kg/m2. Vitamin D deficiency was present in most (75.6%) of the study subjects, but most had serum vitamin B12 levels, erythrocyte folic acid levels, and serum ferritin levels within normal limits. This study shows that the basic profile of patients undergoing bariatric surgery is primarily late adults, classified as severe obese and having vitamin D deficiency. Keywords: Obesity, Prebariatric, Serum Vitamin D, Serum Vitamin B12, Erythrocyte Folic Acid, and Serum Ferritin