Triangulation network of 1929-1944 of the first 1:500 urban map of València

[EN] Triangulation is a surveying method on which earlier maps made were based. Although the origins of the method can be traced back to the 16th century, it is still used today, with minor changes, to adjust networks observed with modern geodetic techniques. In this paper we present the geodetic survey work that was carried out for the primary triangulation network of the first 1:500 urban map of the city of València (Spain). It spanned from 1929 to 1944 and resulted in 421 maps covering about 174 square kilometres. We focus on four key elements to define the geometric framework of a map: (1) the geodetic network, (2) the cartographic projection, (3) the baseline measurements, and (4) the primary triangulation. The paper is based on the interpretation of original documents and field books recovered from the archives of the València City Council. In order to check the accuracy and consistency of the survey work, we recomputed all calculations directly from the field data, following the mathematical procedures of the time. We obtained a set of transformation parameters to convert the coordinates of 1929 to current coordinates based on the European Terrestrial Reference System of 1989 (ETRS89). Results showed that the 1929 primary triangulation angles and coordinates are accurate to 8 s of arc and 35 cm respectively, and that the coordinates transform well into the current reference system with average residuals of 26 cm across nine control points, demonstrating the high quality of the 1929 work.Villar-Cano, M.; Marqués-Mateu, Á.; Jiménez-Martínez, MJ. (2020). Triangulation network of 1929-1944 of the first 1:500 urban map of València. Survey Review (Online). 52(373):317-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2018.1564599S31732952373Bitelli, G., Cremonini, S., & Gatta, G. (2014). Cartographic heritage: Toward unconventional methods for quantitative analysis of pre-geodetic maps. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 15(2), 183-195. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2013.04.003Blachut, T. J., Chrzanowski, A., & Saastamoinen, J. H. (1979). Urban Surveying and Mapping. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-6145-2Brinker, R. C., & Minnick, R. (Eds.). (1987). The Surveying Handbook. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1188-2Gatta, G. 2010. Valorizzazione di cartografia storica attraverso moderne tecniche geomatiche: recupero metrico, elaborazione e consultazione in ambiente digitale [Valuation of historic cartography using modern geomatics techniques: metric recovering, making and use in digital environment]. Doctoral thesis. Bologna: Universitá di Bologna. 295 pages. (In Italian).Gorse, C., Johnston, D., & Pritchard, M. (2012). A Dictionary of Construction, Surveying and Civil Engineering. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199534463.001.0001Hotine, M. (1939). THE RE-TRIANGULATION OF GREAT BRITAIN IV—BASE MEASUREMENT. Empire Survey Review, 5(34), 211-225. doi:10.1179/sre.1939.5.34.211Kahmen, H., & Faig, W. (1988). Surveying. doi:10.1515/9783110845716Leick, A., Rapoport, L., & Tatarnikov, D. (2015). GPS Satellite Surveying. doi:10.1002/9781119018612Murdin, P. (2009). Full Meridian of Glory. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-75534-2Schofield, W., & Breach, M. (2007). Engineering Surveying. doi:10.1201/b12847Seeber, G. (2003). Satellite Geodesy. doi:10.1515/9783110200089Snyder, J. P. (1987). Map projections: A working manual. Professional Paper. doi:10.3133/pp139

The earrings of Pancas treasure: Analytical study by X-ray based techniques – A first approach

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²³⁸U, ²³⁵U and ²³⁴U in seawater and deep-sea corals: A high-precision reappraisal

Uranium isotope ratios are widely utilized in paleoceanography . The 238U/235U ratio (expressed as δ238U)is leveraged as a proxy for the areal extent of anoxic seafloor, and the234U/238U ratio (expressed as δ234U sec) tracks riverine and estuarine inputs to the ocean, in addition to featuring prominently in U-series geochronology . Both of these ratios are thought to be recorded by biological carbonates precipitating from seawater, with corals serving as one of the most commonly-used archives of seawater U isotope ratios in the past. The utility of the U isotope proxy in biological carbonate archives relies not only on this faithful archiving of ambient seawater signatures, but also on the homogeneity of the seawater U isotope composition, which enables samples to be leveraged as proxy for the entire ocean. Here we revisit the foundational assumption of homogeneity of the marine U reservoir, and the capacity of deep-sea corals to record the U isotopic composition of ambient seawater. We begin by evaluating the analytical limits ofprecision and accuracy achievable for both δ238U and δ 234Usec analysis by MC-ICP-MS. We then report data for 45 seawater and 26 deep-sea coral samples from multiple sites aroundthe world. We find subtle δ238U and δ234U sec heterogeneity that correlates with U concentrations, which allows us to calculate new salinity-normalized global mean seawater values for δ238U (−0.379 ± 0.023 ‰) and δ234Usec (+145.55 ± 0.28 ‰). At each site, biological carbonates act as precisearchives of the seawater δ238U value. The same is true for δ 234Usec, with a few exceptions where samples appearto show vital effects that cause intra-sample 234U/ 238U re-partitioning. In sum, these observations support deep-sea corals as a robust archive of seawater U isotope ratios, but highlight the importance of utilizing multiple sample sites and replicateanalyses to overcome coral vital effects (for δ234U sec) and subtle marine U isotopic heterogeneity.</p

Agglutination and flocculation of stem cells collected by apheresis due to cryofibrinogen.

Collection of peripheral stem cells by apheresis is a well-described process. Here, investigations concerning 'agglutination and flocculation' of stem cells collected from two patients are described. In both cases, cryoproteins were observed and cryofibrinogen was identified using high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. In one case, peripheral stem cells were collected after a second course of mobilization, and the cells were immediately washed at 37 degrees C before being frozen, allowing their use, despite the presence of cryofibrinogen. In the other case, 'agglutination' was reversed by warming the bag, and plasma was removed before freezing

A multi-analytical approach to gold in Ancient Egypt: Studies on provenance and corrosion

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