Expeditions of the institute of geography RAS during the 20th–21st centuries (to the 100th anniversary of the institute)

In the lead-up to the 100th anniversary of the Institute of Geography RAS, we summarized the salient features and chronology of its field investigations into the country’s nature and resources during the 20th-21st centuries. It is shown that the institute’s history has embodied all stages of evolution of national geography: the traditions of the late 19th century with their departure from the perception of geography as a “descriptive” science and the development of genetic (V.V. Dokuchaev’s) and chorological (A. Hettner’s) approaches, the development of the sectoral specialization of science, the introduction of modern methods: remote sensing, navigation and geoinformation technologies, and the formation of the geography of the 21st century as a philosophical phenomenon and a synthetic discipline with profound prospects for a better understanding a rapidly changing worl

Učinci probiotika koji sadrže Bacillus subtilis na crijevnu mikrofloru, kakvoću žutanjka i koncentracije lipida u krvi prepelica nesilica pasmine faraon

The current literature is not comprehensive concerning the influence of Bacillus subtilis on lipid metabolism, egg chemical characteristics, and intestinal microbiota of Japanese quail. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Bacillus subtilis strain on yolk quality, gut bacterial populations, and total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the plasma of organically farmed Pharaon quail layers. Forty-five-day-old female quails were randomly distributed into four groups of 10 birds each: a no-treatment control group and three test groups receiving powder of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32424 at a minimum rate of 1 × 106 colony forming units per gram, dissolved in drinking water at doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg per kg body weight, daily during 30 days. The use of the probiotic at doses of 50 and 100 mg resulted in significantly reduced faecal staphylococci count on day 30 (P<0.05), while no significant changes were detected in lactobacilli or coliform bacteria. This study gives the first evidence of the influence of Bacillus subtilis on acid value and carotenoid levels in egg yolks laid by quails. Carotenoids were significantly elevated in the 75 mg group on day 30 (P<0.05), but significantly decreased in the 50 and 100 mg groups (P<0.05). Acidity, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations in quail serum were not affected significantly by the treatment throughout the study, though their values were reduced. The inclusion of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32424 in drinking water for laying Pharaon quails inhibited faecal staphylococci proliferation and enhanced yolk carotenoid content. Therefore, it can be proposed that including this probiotic in laying quail diets may have beneficial outcomes for both layers and the second generation.Ovaj rad nije sveobuhvatan obzirom na utjecaj Bacillus subtilis na metabolizam lipida, kemijska svojstva jaja te crijevne mikroorganizme japanskih prepelica. Istraživanje je obavljeno u svrhu procjene učinaka Bacillus subtilis soja na kakvoću žutanjka, populacije bakterija u crijevima uz ukupne koncentracije kolesterola i triglicerida u krvi organski uzgajanih prepelica nesilica pasmine faraon. Četrdesetpetodnevne ženke prepelice nasumice su podijeljene u četiri skupine od po 10 ptica: kontrolnu skupinu koja nije primala dodatak prehrani i tri pokusne skupine koje su primale prašak Bacillus subtilis DSM 32424 pri najmanjem postotku od 1 × 106 jedinica koje stvaraju koloniju po gramu, otopljen u pitkoj vodi u dozama od 50, 75 i 100 mg po kilogramu tjelesne težine, svakodnevno tijekom 30 dana. Uporaba probiotika u dozama od 50 i 100 mg rezultirala je značajnim smanjenjem količine fekalnih stafilokoka na 30. dan (P<0,05), dok značajnije promjene laktobacila i koliformnih bakterija nisu otkrivene. Ovo je istraživanje prvi put pokazalo utjecaj Bacillus subtilis na vrijednost kiseline i razine karotenoida u žutanjcima koje nesu prepelice. Karotenoidi su se značajno podigli na 30. dan u skupini koja je primala 75 mg (P<0,05), ali su se i značajno smanjili u skupinama koje su primale 50 i 100 mg (P<0,05). Terapija nije statistički značajno djelovala na kiselinu. Pokusni dodatak nije značajno utjecao niti na koncentracije triglicerida i ukupni kolesterol u krvi prepelica tijekom ispitivanja, premda su te koncentracije dosta smanjene. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata, zaključeno je da je dodavanje Bacillus subtilis DSM 32424 u pitku vodu za prepelice nesilice pasmine Faraon gotovo na svim proučavanim razinama inhibiralo proliferaciju fekalnih stafilokoka i povećalo udio karotenoida u žutanjku. Stoga se može reći da uključivanje probiotika u prehranu prepelica nesilica može imati korisni učinak i na nesilice i na drugu generaciju

Clinical use of Ortho-SUV transosseous hexapod in treatment of lower limb false joints

We studied the use of Ortho-SUV hexapod in the treatment of 15 patients with lower limb false joints. All patients were at active working age - from 22 to 50 years. 1n 12 patients, the period from the moment of trauma was 1 to 3 years, in 3 patients - 3 to 6 years. 5 patients had femoral false joints, 10 patients - shin false joints. 1n 98 % of cases, the formation of false joints was caused by inadequate treatment of initial trauma. 1n 100 % of cases, false joint localized at diaphyseal level and was accompanied with shortening of injured segment for 2.5 ± 1.0 cm in 13 patients, and for 0.5 and 0.8 cm in 2 cases. We also registered recurvatum and valgus deformity in 5 patients, recurvatum and varus deformity in 8 patients, and antecurvatum and varus deformity in 2 patients. Combined contracture in knee and ankle joint was found in 90 % of patients. Using combined transosseous osteosynthesis along with Ortho-SUV hexapod allowed us to correct hip deformity for 35 ± 10 days and ankle deformity - for 20 ± 5 days on the average. When shortening of femoral bone for more than 5.0 cm, the deformity was corrected in two stages. At the first stage, we reconstructed the length of a segment using methods of transosseous osteosynthesis at discrete-continuum distraction. At the second stage, we corrected deformity using Ortho-SUV hexapod within specified time limits. Duration of femoral and shin false joint consolidation was 194 ± 16 days. We registered inflammatory complications in the areas of transosseous elements contacting soft tissues in 3 (0.2 %) patients. These complications didn't have an effect on the treatment results

Preserved sections of steppes as the basis for the future ecological framework of Belgorod oblast

The article provides a historical analysis of the transformation of the region’s steppes, the results of an inventory with remote sensing methods of the preserved sections of the steppes, assessment of the potential of their flora for the development of restoration succession, and the effectiveness for preservation of the steppe biodiversity of the regional network of specially protected areas and the formation of an ecological framewor

The potential of digitalization of resource regions of the Russian North

Purpose: the study of the current state of the potential level of digitalization of the sectors of the economy of the northern regions of the resource type (NRRT) and to identify possible promising directions for their development.Methods: the research is based on the application of standard methods of data collection and processing, comparative analysis and rating assessment. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service and statistical collections of the Higher School of Economics for the period 2010–2020 were used.Results: the rating of the TOP 10 countries of the world on digital competitiveness is presented. A methodological approach is proposed to substantiate the attribution of NRRT subjects to the resource-type category by calculating the share of the statistical indicator "mining" in the structure of the gross regional product. An assessment of the resource dependence of the regions of the Far North was carried out, based on the analysis of which the criteria for assigning eight subjects of the Russian Federation to NRRT were determined. The analysis and assessment of the current state of the level of digitalization of NRRT, which showed the leading positions of the Magadan region, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs, was carried out. It is noted that the level of regional expenditures on the introduction and use of digital technologies does not significantly affect the composite integral index of the digitalization potential of the northern resource–type regions.Conclusions and Relevance: the development of methodology and research on digitalization of resource regions of the Russian North, the results of which are presented in this article, is being implemented in a number of areas: the development of a conceptual scheme and a system of indicators for monitoring the northern regions; the development and construction of a composite index of development of the digital economy in the regions of the North; the development of methodology for monitoring the development and use of "end-toend" digital technologies (technologies for working with big data); monitoring and assessment of the level of development of the digital economy in the Arctic municipalities; the study of the relationship between socio-economic and digital development of the regions of the Russian North; the development of digital technologies of regional and municipal management and the study of socio-economic effects of their implementation; the study of digital transformation of priority economic sectors of the northern regions

Bacterial formate dehydrogenase. Increasing the enzyme thermal stability by hydrophobization of alpha-helices

AbstractNAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.2, FDH) from methylotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas sp.101 exhibits the highest stability among the similar type enzymes studied. To obtain further increase in the thermal stability of FDH we used one of general approaches based on hydrophobization of protein α-helices. Five serine residues in positions 131, 160, 168, 184 and 228 were selected for mutagenesis on the basis of (i) comparative studies of nine FDH amino acid sequences from different sources and (ii) with the analysis of the ternary structure of the enzyme from Pseudomonas sp.101. Residues Ser-131 and Ser-160 were replaced by Ala, Val and Leu. Residues Ser-168, Ser-184 and Ser-228 were changed into Ala. Only Ser/Ala mutations in positions 131, 160, 184 and 228 resulted in an increase of the FDH stability. Mutant S168A was 1.7 times less stable than the wild-type FDH. Double mutants S(131,160)A and S(184,228)A and the four-point mutant S(131,160,184,228)A were also prepared and studied. All FDH mutants with a positive stabilization effect had the same kinetic parameters as wild-type enzyme. Depending on the position of the replaced residue, the single point mutation Ser/Ala increased the FDH stability by 5–24%. Combination of mutations shows near additive effect of each mutation to the total FDH stabilization. Four-point mutant S(131,160,184,228)A FDH had 1.5 times higher thermal stability compared to the wild-type enzyme

ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫЙ РИСК ПРОГРЕССИРОВАНИЯ ЦЕРВИКАЛЬНОЙ ИНТРАЭПИТЕЛИАЛЬНОЙ НЕОПЛАЗИИ НА ФОНЕ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО ЦЕРВИЦИТА

We proposed predictive method of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia progression in women with chronic cervicitis, it is favorable one in routine clinical practice. Two groups of women with chronic cervicitis aged 22 to 52 years old with low (n = 36) and high (n = 21) degree of squamous intraepithelial lesions in accordance with the histological examination of cervical tissue were compared. The discriminant analysis helped to develop a risk prediction formula for progression of intraepithelial neoplasia. The variables are «age», «number of sexual partners», «number of births», «Streptococcus pyogenese», and «smoking history». The predictive value of the discriminant function on available data is 0.97.Предлагается метод прогноза прогрессирования интраэпителиальных неоплазий у женщин с хроническим цервицитом, удобный для применения в повседневной клинической практике. Проведено сравнение двух групп женщин с хроническим цервицитом в возрасте от 22 до 52 лет с плоскоклеточными интраэпителиальными поражениями низкой (n=36) и высокой (n=21) степени по данным гистологического исследования тканей шейки матки. С помощью дискриминантного анализа была разработана формула прогноза риска прогрессирования интраэпителиальной неоплазиис переменными «возраст» женщины, «количество половых партнеров», «количество родов», «Streptococcus pyogenese» и «стаж курения». Прогностическая способность дискриминантной функции на имеющихся данных составила 97 %

Labour Potential of the Arctic Regions of the European Russia

The work considered the possibilities and directions of evolution of demographic development of the Arctic region, analyzed some characteristics of the labor potential of the population living in the Arctic regions of the European part of Russia.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of attracting the local population and the need to employment specialists from other regions of Russia for the development of the Arctic.To achieve the goal of the study, general scientifi methods were used — the collection and analysis of data from state statistics and sample surveys. The use of a systematic approach made it possible to comprehensively assess the situation on the territory under study and substantiate the possibilities for its development.Analysis of the quantitative characteristics of the labor potential of the studied regions showed a stable negative dynamics throughout the post-Soviet period. A number of reasons have been identifi  that contribute to the outfl   of population from the Arctic regions, the most important of which are the low standard of living compared to the Russian average, as well as the ineff     functioning of the mechanisms of northern guarantees and compensation. At the same time, the qualitative characteristics of labor potential, in particular, the level of education of the population can be increased due to the existing educational potential of neighboring regions.Conclusions about the need to attract people from the regions of the middle zone of Russia for the Arctic are made

ХРОНОФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ПРОБИОТИКОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ УЗКОВОЛНОВОЙ (465–480 НМ) ФОТОСЕНСИБИЛИЗАЦИИ НА ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ У КУР

The article explores influence of probiotic specimens Vetom 2.25 and Vetom 3.22 on hematologi-cal parameters of hens by means of UV (465–480 nm) photosensibilization. Effect of the specimens studied shows increasing of hemoglobin concentration in the blood of hens at natural insolation. UV photosensibilization doesn’t influence hemoglobin concentration in the blood of hens. The authors observed increase in concentration of erythrocytes under modeling of UV photosensibilization of circadian rhythms. Probiotics and modeling of UV photosensibilization of circadian rhythms influence less this chronopharmacological parameter. Probiotic Vetom 2.25 doesn’t affect greatly concentration of erythrocytes in the poultry blood in case of modeling of UV photosensibilization of circadian rhythms. Probiotics or UV photosensibilization slightly influences concentration of leucocytes in the poultry blood. Absolute amplitude, acrophase and bathyphase of this parameter didn’t differ among the poultry studied. Изучено влияние пробиотических препаратов ветом 2.25 и ветом 3.22 на гематологические показатели у кур в условиях узковолновой (465–480 нм) фотосенсибилизации. Под действием изучаемых препаратов повышается концентрация гемоглобина крови у кур в условиях естественной инсоляции. При воздействии узковолновой фотосенсибилизации вне зависимости от экспозиции пробиотический препарат не имеет выраженного эффекта на концентрацию гемоглобина. В условиях модуляции узковолновой фотосенсибилизацией атипичных циркадных ритмов происходит увеличение амплитуды концентрации эритроцитов. Пробиотические препараты и модуляция типических циркадных ритмов узковолновой фотосенсибилизацией слабее воздействуют на этот хронофармакологичекий параметр. Пробиотический препарат ветом 2.25 не имеет выраженного эффекта на концентрацию эритроцитов в условиях модуляции атипических циркадных ритмов узковолновой фотосенсибилизацией. Наличие в схеме пробиотиков или узковолновой фотосенсибилизации мало влияет на концентрацию лейкоцитов крови птицы. Абсолютная амплитуда, акрофаза и батифаза этого показателя у всех подопытных кур не имели достоверных отличий

Primary plasty of an Achilles tendon by plantar muscle tendon (clinical case)

Patient T., 43 years old arrived in clinic with complaints to the pains in lower thir of the right shin, limitation of movements in right ankle joint, inability of using right lower extremity. An. operative treatment was realized in clinic: suture of rupture of Achilles tendon by Cuneo with plastics by the tendon of long plantar muscle. In 4 weeks plaster immobilization was removed, the patient started measured loading of operated extremity with additional cane support. In 6 weeks full load on operated extremity was allowed and the patient returned to work. In 2 months patient received repeated trauma. During the examination local painfulness in the area of operative intervention was revealed. At the palpation it was revealed that integrity of plantar muscle tendon isn't broken. Control MRR of right shin was made: as the result of control examination the injury of plantar muscle tendon wasn't revealed. Immobilization of operated extremity in neutral position of a foot by functional brace was recommended to the patient. Measured, loading with additional additional cane support was approved. In 2 weeks the immobilization was removed, function of operated extremity is fully restored. Conclusion: if proposed method allows to start earlier loadings and. to decrease possibility of repeated rupture of reconstructed plantar muscle tendon in the most active period of rehabilitation