A social psychological study of ethnonyms: Cognitive representation of the ingroup and intergroup hostility

Ethnonyms (M. G. Levin & L. P. Potapov, 1964; from the Greek roots meaning "a national group" and "name") are the names an in-group uses to distinguish itself from out-groups. There has been no social psychological research to date exploring the effects of ethnonyms. The authors report the results of 3 studies examining the potential effects of various features of ethnonyms on intergroup behavior. Analyses of archival data indicate that among indigenous African cultures (Study 1), indigenous Native American cultures (Study 2), and African Americans (Study 3), intergroup hostility was greater among in-groups characterized by less complex ethnonyms. Discussion considers the implications of these results and suggests new directions for research in the social psychological study of ethnonyms

Black role models: which messages work? Testing the impact of role models’ messages for Black boys and Black young men: research to inform the REACH role model programme

This report summarises findings from an experimental research study that explored the effect of different types of role model messages in order to identify those with the most positive potential impact on Black boys and Black young men, and to identify any potentially negative effects. The findings and recommendations in this report are those of the consultant authors and do not necessarily represent the views or proposed policies of Communities and Local Government

An experimental test of the impact of Black role model messages: Research to inform the REACH role model programme

This report summarises the main findings, conclusions and recommendations from an experimental study of the impact of different types of Black male role model on Black and non-Black school children and on young Black men

A meta-analytic examination of mechanisms contributing to stereotype formation in illusory correlation paradigms

The expectancy-based illusory correlation (EB; Hamilton & Rose, 1980), the distinctiveness-based illusory correlation (DB; Hamilton & Gifford, 1976) and the intuitive analysis of covariance (lAC; Schaller & O'Brien, 1992) paradigms have been proposed as explanations of stereotype formation. Meanwhile, essentialism of the target groups (Yzerbyt, Judd, & Comeille, 2003), in-group membership (Schaller & Maass, 1989) and cognitive load of the stimulus materials (Mullen & Johnson, 1990) have been proposed to moderate this relationship. In addition, moderators unique to each paradigm (expectancy strength in the EB paradigm, Hamilton & Rose, 1980; attribute valence in the DB paradigm, Johnson, Mullen, Carlson, & Southwick, 2001; and constraint strength in lAC paradigm, Cordray & Shaw, 1978) have been proposed to moderate this relationship. Essentialism was operationalized as the naturalness or artificiality of the groups employed in the stimulu erials. In-group membership was operationalized as the assigimient of participants to one of the presented target groups. Cognitive complexity was operationalized as the number of stimulus sentences, the duration of the stimulus presentation and the verbal complexity of the stimulus sentences. Expectancy strength was operationalized as the judged strength of association between each attribute and the corresponding target group. Attribute valence was operationalized as the judged valence of the attributes used to describe the distinct/minority group in the stimulisis sentences Constraint salience was operationalized as the judged potential impact of the constraining variable on the outcome variable. For the first time, a meta-analytic integration of previous research on these three paradigms was conducted.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Complexity and Valence in Ethnophaulisms and Exclusion of Ethnic Out-Groups: What Puts the “Hate” Into Hate Speech?

Ethnophaulisms (A. A. Roback, 1944) are the words used as ethnic slurs to refer to out-groups in hate speech. The results of previous archival research have suggested that it is the complexity, more so than the valence, of ethnophaulisms that predicts the exclusion of ethnic immigrant out-groups from the receiving society. This article reports the results of 3 experimental examinations of the relative contributions of complexity and valence in ethnophaulisms to the exclusion of an ethnic out-group. Experiment 1 demonstrated that exclusion of the ethnic out-group was increased by the use of low-complexity ethnophaulisms. Experiment 2 demonstrated that exclusion of the ethnic out-group decreased by the use of high-complexity ethnophaulisms. Experiment 3 confirmed the demonstration that exclusion decreased by the use of a different set of high-complexity ethnophaulisms. The results of these three experiments converge to indicate that low complexity exerts more of an effect than negative valences on the exclusion of an ethnic out-group. The implications of these results for theoretical approaches to intergroup behavior are considered