DyScO3 thin film substrates : an X-ray diffraction study

Contains fulltext : 93596.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 5 juli 2012Promotor : Vlieg, E. Co-promotores : Harkema, S., Honkimaeki, V.125 p

Magnesium prevents vascular calcification in vitro by inhibition of hydroxyapatite crystal formation

Contains fulltext : 187823.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Magnesium has been shown to effectively prevent vascular calcification associated with chronic kidney disease. Magnesium has been hypothesized to prevent the upregulation of osteoblastic genes that potentially drives calcification. However, extracellular effects of magnesium on hydroxyapatite formation are largely neglected. This study investigated the effects of magnesium on intracellular changes associated with transdifferentiation and extracellular crystal formation. Bovine vascular smooth muscle cells were calcified using beta-glycerophosphate. Transcriptional analysis, alkaline phosphatase activity and detection of apoptosis were used to identify transdifferentiation. Using X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy extracellular crystal composition was investigated. Magnesium prevented calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells. beta-glycerophosphate increased expression of osteopontin but no other genes related to calcification. Alkaline phosphatase activity was stable and apoptosis was only detected after calcification independent of magnesium. Blocking of the magnesium channel TRPM7 using 2-APB did not abrogate the protective effects of magnesium. Magnesium prevented the formation of hydroxyapatite, which formed extensively during beta-glycerophosphate treatment. Magnesium reduced calcium and phosphate fractions of 68% and 41% extracellular crystals, respectively, without affecting the fraction of magnesium. This study demonstrates that magnesium inhibits hydroxyapatite formation in the extracellular space, thereby preventing calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells

3-Nitrobenzaldehyde

Polymorph I of the title compound, C{\sb 7}H{\sb 5}NO{\sb 3}, is approximately planar: the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the nitro group is 10.41(4){$^\circ$} and the aldehyde O atom deviates from the ring plane by 0.165(1){Å}. In the crystal, aromatic {$\pi$}{--}{$\pi$} stacking inter{\-}actions are observed [centroid{--}centroid separation = 3.7363(5){Å}]

Racemic and Enantiopure Camphene and Pinene Studied by the Crystalline Sponge Method

Contains fulltext : 187716.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Securing Important Strigolactone Key Structures: Orobanchol and 5-Deoxystrigol

Contains fulltext : 158677.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Co-crystal Prediction by Artificial Neural Networks

Contains fulltext : 226375.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Robust thermoelastic microactuator based on an organic molecular crystal

Contains fulltext : 208129.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)8 p