Technologies-That-Must-Not-Be-Named: Understanding and Implementing Advanced Search Technologies in E-Discovery

The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure were created to promote the “just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding.” Unfortunately, in the world of e-discovery, case determinations are often anything but speedy and inexpensive. The manual review process is notoriously one of the most expensive parts of litigation. Beyond expense, the time and effort required to carry out large-scale manual review places an immense burden on parties, nearly destroying the possibility of assessing the merits of early settlement before expensive review has already been carried out

The Relationship Between Breastfeeding and Postpartum Depression

Postpartum depression is a psychological complication experienced by the mother post-childbirth, and the time it lasts varies from woman to woman. This mental health disorder is diagnosed by a healthcare provider and can be treated. It is important to note that postpartum depression can occur in mothers regardless of being previously diagnosed with depression. It typically presents anxiety, excessive sadness, feelings of loneliness, mood swings, panic attacks, and more. For moms who have never previously experienced depression, it can be a very intimidating thing to face and this is why educating women on this issue is crucial. The main issue with this topic is that it does not have efficient advocates to speak about what it entails. Researchers have begun to study this psychological complication due to its specific nature (postpartum) and the way that it affects each woman differently. This study aims to examine the evidence gathered by researchers to further explain the correlation between breastfeeding and mother’s mental health. This information will focus specifically on the relationship between breastfeeding cessation and postpartum depression (PPD). The negative and positive outcomes that accompany mothers who suffer from PPD and choose to breastfeed will be explained in further detail

Technologies-That-Must-Not-Be-Named: Understanding and Implementing Advanced Search Technologies in E-Discovery

Even for those who are aware of the existence of advanced search and review tactics beyond keyword search, many questions remain for attorneys and judges alike. First, what are the new and emerging technologies? While courts and commentators mention the existence of the technologies, there is not much guidance with regard to what the new technologies are and what they accomplish. Second, are the new technologies superior to the manual review process? Understandably, attorneys are hesitant to use an unfamiliar e-discovery product that may not work better than the e-discovery process to which they are already accustomed. Third, if attorneys do use a new search and review process, what standards of accuracy or defensibility is a court likely to impose? When managing the discovery process, attorneys want to be sure that the method of production satisfy the expectations of the court

Impacts of Summer Drought and Climate Change Conditions on Hydropower Resources and Power System Reliability in the PJM Region

The United States power grid is a large, complex, and interconnected system that involves the coordination of numerous entities (e.g., power plant owners/operators, regulators, stakeholders, etc.). As such, any type of extreme event can potentially threaten the economic, safe, and reliable operation of the grid. One such example is summer drought (i.e., events predominantly characterized by elevated temperatures and reduced precipitation), which have impacts spanning all aspects of the power system, especially generation resources through changes in water availability and temperature. Additionally, although heavily dependent on region, climate change can potentially increase the likelihood and severity of drought conditions, illustrating the necessity for understanding the potential impacts of droughts within a climate change context. Accordingly, our analysis investigated the impacts of nine drought and climate change conditions on hydropower plants in the PJM region as of 2030, relative to a historical baseline, using the Hydrologic and Water Quality System (commonly referred to as HAWQS). We found that the historical drought of 2007 was the worst-case scenario in terms of overall generation reduction, followed by proposed 2030 moderate and severe climate change drought conditions, respectively. Because the most similar technology to hydropower is natural gas combustion turbines (in terms of ancillary grid services), replacement of lost generation can induce significant economic consequences for the region\u27s electricity producers and consumers alike. Furthermore, impacts also aect broader grid reliability via reduced generation capacity available to satisfy electricity demand | this was found to not be an issue in the forecasted 2030 PJM generation eet, but if coal plant retirement is accelerated beyond current plans, then an inability to satisfy peak demand becomes apparent across most scenarios post 50% retirement

Modeling the impact of extreme summer drought on conventional and renewable generation capacity: methods and a case study on the Eastern U.S. power system

The United States has witnessed a growing prevalence of droughts in recent years, posing significant challenges to water supplies and power generation. The resulting impacts on power systems, including reduced capacity and the potential for power outages, underscore the need for accurate assessment methods to ensure the reliable operation of the nation's energy infrastructure. A critical step is to evaluate the usable capacity of a regional power system's generation fleet, which is a complex undertaking and requires precise modeling of the effects of hydrological and meteorological conditions on diverse generating technologies. This paper proposes a systematic, analytical approach for assessing the impacts of extreme summer drought events on the available capacity of hydro, thermal, and renewable energy generators. More specifically, the systematic framework provides plant-level capacity derating models for hydroelectric, once-through cooling thermoelectric, recirculating cooling thermoelectric, combustion turbine, solar PV, and wind turbine systems. Application of the proposed impact assessment framework to the 2025 generation fleet of the real-world power system in the PJM and SERC regions yields insightful results. By examining the daily usable capacity of 6,055 at-risk generators throughout the study region, we find that in the event of the recurrence of the 2007 southeastern summer drought in the near future, the usable capacity of all at-risk power plants may experience a substantial decrease compared to a typical summer, falling within the range of 71% to 81%. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the usable capacity would experience a more pronounced decline under more severe drought conditions. The findings of this study offer valuable insights, enabling stakeholders to enhance the resilience of power systems against the potential effects of extreme drought in the future.Comment: 15 pages, 16 figure