Study on behaviour of concrete added with different length of bamboo fibres

Nowadays, concrete is highly contributed in the construction works for its various advantages such as low cost, availability, fire resistance and others. Generally, concrete is high in compressive strength but relatively low in tensile strength. Steel is the mostly used for the reinforcement of concrete due to its high tensile strength. Alternate materials such as fibres are used to increase the tensile strength of the concrete. Bamboo is natural, cheap and readily available material. Most importantly, bamboo has a high tensile strength. This research is aimed at studying the performance of concrete with bamboo fibres as additives in it. The objective of this research was to experiment the structural behaviour of bamboo fibres reinforced concrete (BFRC) with various length of bamboo fibres as additives. In this paper, 2% of bamboo fibres by volume of the concrete with the length of 40mm and 60mm are added into concrete and compare with the plain concrete which act as the control specimen. 2 tests are tested which are the cube compression test and flexural test. From the test result has shown that the compressive strength of different length of BFRC is lower as compared to the controlled cube specimen. For flexural strength, the 40mm BFRC is the most optimum length as it has shown the almost similar strength with the controlled beam specimen. The flexural strength for the 60mm BFRC is slightly lower than that of the controlled beam specimen

The Mass-Action-Law Based GPS Concept for Bio-Informatics

The unified theory of dose and effect, as indicated by the median-effect equation for single and multiple entities and for the first and higher order kinetic/dynamic, has been established by T.C. Chou and it is based on the physical/chemical principle of the mass-action law (_J. Theor. Biol._ 59: 253-276, 1976; _Pharmacological Rev._ 58: 621-681, 2006). Rearrangements of the median-effect equation lead to Michaelis-Menten, Hill, Scatchard, and Henderson-Hasselbalch equations. The “median” serves as the “universal reference point” and the “common link” for the relationship of all entities at all dynamic orders, and is also the “harmonic mean” of kinetic dissociation constants. Over 300 mechanism-specific equations have been derived and published using the mathematical induction-deduction process. These equations can be deduced into several general equations, including the median-mediated whole/part equation, combination index theorem, isobologram equation, and polygonogram. It is proven that “dose” and “effect” are interchangeable, thus, “substance” and “function” are interchangeable, which leads to “the-unity theory” in philosophical context. Based on the mass-action law, the fundamental conceptual claim is that “one can draw a specific cure for only two data points”, if they are determined accurately. Furthermore, instead of drawing an empirical curve for data-fitting, we can now use the data points to fit the median-effect principle of the mass-action law by automated computer simulation. This small kill has far reaching consequences in biomedical sciences including small size experimentation, efficient experimental design and data interpretation, efficiency in drug discoveries, quantifying/simulating synergism in drug combinations, assessing low-dose risk of carcinogens, toxic substances or radiation, and conserving laboratory animals’ lives. For the “combination index” alone, the theory has been cited in over 345 different biomedical journals, based on the Thompson-ISI Web search, indicating broad applications

Syntax‐Pragmatics Interface: Mandarin Chinese Wh ‐ the ‐ hell and Point‐of‐View Operator

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90269/1/j.1467-9612.2011.00157.x.pd

Selecting additional tag SNPs for tolerating missing data in genotyping

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that the patterns of linkage disequilibrium observed in human populations have a block-like structure, and a small subset of SNPs (called tag SNPs) is sufficient to distinguish each pair of haplotype patterns in the block. In reality, some tag SNPs may be missing, and we may fail to distinguish two distinct haplotypes due to the ambiguity caused by missing data. RESULTS: We show there exists a subset of SNPs (referred to as robust tag SNPs) which can still distinguish all distinct haplotypes even when some SNPs are missing. The problem of finding minimum robust tag SNPs is shown to be NP-hard. To find robust tag SNPs efficiently, we propose two greedy algorithms and one linear programming relaxation algorithm. The experimental results indicate that (1) the solutions found by these algorithms are quite close to the optimal solution; (2) the genotyping cost saved by using tag SNPs can be as high as 80%; and (3) genotyping additional tag SNPs for tolerating missing data is still cost-effective. CONCLUSION: Genotyping robust tag SNPs is more practical than just genotyping the minimum tag SNPs if we can not avoid the occurrence of missing data. Our theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the performance of our algorithms is not only efficient but the solution found is also close to the optimal solution

Steep gravity–capillary waves within the internal resonance regime

Steep gravity–capillary waves are studied experimentally in a channel. The range of cyclic frequencies investigated is 6.94–9.80 Hz; namely, the high‐frequency portion of the regime of internal resonances according to the weakly nonlinear theory (Wilton’s ripples). These wave trains are stable according to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The experimental wave trains are generated by large, sinusoidal oscillations of the wavemaker. A comparison is made between the measured wave fields and the (symmetric) numerical solutions of Schwartz and Vanden‐Broeck [J. Fluid Mech. 95, 119 (1979)], Chen and Saffman [Stud. Appl. Math. 60, 183 (1979); 62, 95 (1980)], and Huh (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, 1991). The waves are shown to be of slightly varying asymmetry as they propagate downstream. Their symmetric parts, isolated by determining the phase which provides the smallest mean‐square antisymmetric part, compare favorably with the ‘‘gravity‐type’’ wave solutions determined by numerical computations. The antisymmetric part of the wave profile is always less than 30% of the peak‐to‐peak height of the symmetric part. As nonlinearity is increased, the amplitudes of the short‐wave undulations in the trough of the primary wave increase; however, there are no significant changes in these short‐wave frequencies. The lowest frequency primary‐wave experiments, which generate the highest frequency short‐wave undulations, exhibit more rapid viscous decay of these high‐frequency waves than do the higher‐frequency primary wave experiments.  Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69701/2/PFADEB-4-11-2466-1.pd

Digital almost nets

Digital nets (in base $2$) are the subsets of $[0,1]^d$ that contain the expected number of points in every not-too-small dyadic box. We construct sets that contain almost the expected number of points in every such box, but which are exponentially smaller than the digital nets. We also establish a lower bound on the size of such almost nets.Comment: 8 page

Focal adhesion disassembly requires clathrin-dependent endocytosis of integrins

AbstractCell migration requires the controlled disassembly of focal adhesions, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that adhesion turnover is mediated through dynamin- and clathrin-dependent endocytosis of activated β1 integrins. Consistent with this, clathrin and the clathrin adaptors AP-2 and disabled-2 (DAB2) distribute along with dynamin 2 to adhesion sites prior to adhesion disassembly. Moreover, knockdown of either dynamin 2 or both clathrin adaptors blocks β1 integrin internalization, leading to impaired focal adhesion disassembly and cell migration. Together, these results provide important insight into the mechanisms underlying adhesion disassembly and identify novel components of the disassembly pathway