Building a family ontology to meet consistency criteria

Semantic web is an extension of the current web in which the existing information on the web are organized and encoded more meaningfully using ontology language, thus enabling effective communication among machines and humans. Ontology is the backbone of the semantic web that contributes to knowledge sharing among intended parties over distributed systems around the world. In the past few years, semantic web has been widely accepted by a variety of fields for better knowledge representation, communication, sharing and reasoning on the web. Now, there are existing genealogical ontologies proposed by different groups of researchers once semantic web has emerged as third generation of the web. However, existing ontologies still lack certain important concepts and properties to support the domain of family relations. This may lead to the inability of the ontology to deliver full potential of exchanging family history information among all interested parties. Moreover, existing ontologies do not employ the full potential of SWRL rules to reason the individuals within the ontology. The main aim of this research is to build a new Family Ontology which obeys the consistency criteria. Consistency checking ensures there are no contradictory concepts found within the resulting ontology. The consistency of Family Ontology will be evaluated using FACT++, HermiT and Pellet reasoners. By augmenting the additional axioms and testing the resulting ontology thoroughly using reasoner tools, the proposed Family Ontology is expected to achieve a consistency of 100%.This research is meaningful and significant to all humans since everyone has his or her own unique family history. The proposed ontology also facilitates effective and efficient communication among all intended parties since shared vocabularies and standards are employed by the proposed ontology

Untitled

This is a collection of things I am interested in. Through these things I attempt an understanding of myself. They are unpredictable and often difficult to capture like clouds, trees, water, winds. This book is my journey of self discovery. I walk in my memories. I walk in the city. There, I capture and record fleeting moments of things I love. Through this process, I give myself a chance to understand the reasons for this attraction. It also gives me an opportunity to understand why I want to find myself, and why I always want an exact answer to this question of who I am. I always tell myself I should live in the moment, and it is in each moment that I try to understand why I am captivated by what I can’t catch -- such as the wind, the clouds and the sky. In this book I try to understand why I want to wander, but also why I am constantly eager for the warmth of my home. In this process I ask myself if I should love again or allow myself to be loved. I try to find the lines that connect all the things I love. I believe their paths will influence me and help me to know my own inner path. In writing this book I hope I can understand myself more clearly

Evaluation Of Rice Husk Powder As An Anticaking Agent In Coffee Powder

Synthetic anticaking agents have been widely used to solve powder caking. However, the increasing concern of consumers leads to the rising demand on clean labels. Potential natural ingredients such as rice husk which has high water adsorbing ability are yet to be studied and developed as anticaking agents. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of rice husk powder as an anticaking agent in coffee powder, specifically by characterisation, optimisation and study of moisture sorption isotherm. In this study, rice husk was milled into different size classes of powder (<75 μm, 75–250 μm and 250–500 μm). Characterisation was conducted based on silica content, fibre content, particle size and distribution, and particle morphology. Five samples prepared were control sample and coffee powder containing different amount of rice husk powder (1.0%, 1.7% and 3.0%) and 1.7% silicon dioxide (commercial reference). Samples were equilibrated with different relative humidities (23%, 43% and 62%) to prepare moisture-equilibrated samples. Anticaking properties were evaluated based on colour, moisture sorption isotherm and flowability. Rice husk powder had relatively high silica content and fibre content, with mean experimental values of 16.96% and 41.83% respectively. Size class of <75 μm had the greatest anticaking ability due to its smallest particle size and widest distribution. Particle morphology showed extensive layers of fibre-silica matrix with interlayer spaces. Relative humidity and amount of rice husk powder had significant impact on colour of the samples. Flowability increased with increasing amount of rice husk powder but decreased with increasing relative humidity

On the Throughput of Channels that Wear Out

This work investigates the fundamental limits of communication over a noisy discrete memoryless channel that wears out, in the sense of signal-dependent catastrophic failure. In particular, we consider a channel that starts as a memoryless binary-input channel and when the number of transmitted ones causes a sufficient amount of damage, the channel ceases to convey signals. Constant composition codes are adopted to obtain an achievability bound and the left-concave right-convex inequality is then refined to obtain a converse bound on the log-volume throughput for channels that wear out. Since infinite blocklength codes will always wear out the channel for any finite threshold of failure and therefore cannot convey information at positive rates, we analyze the performance of finite blocklength codes to determine the maximum expected transmission volume at a given level of average error probability. We show that this maximization problem has a recursive form and can be solved by dynamic programming. Numerical results demonstrate that a sequence of block codes is preferred to a single block code for streaming sources.Comment: 23 pages, 1 table, 11 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communication

2-(4-Chloro­phen­oxy)-N′-[2-(4-chloro­phen­oxy)acet­yl]acetohydrazide monohydrate

In the title compound, C16H14Cl2N2O4·H2O, the hydrazine and water mol­ecules are both located on twofold axes. The C—N—N—C torsion angle is −72.66 (1)° and the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 67.33 (1)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into a layer structure by a combination of O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Adjacent layers are linked into a three-dimensional network by Cl⋯Cl inter­actions [3.400 (2) Å]. C—H⋯π inter­actions are also observed

Enhancing English Language Vocabulary Learning among Indigenous Learners through Google Translate

The emergence of new technologies has brought massive changes to teaching and learning processes. In recent years, mobile phones have evolved into effective teaching tools; when used practically, they could improve learning outcomes. The potential of mobile phones as a learning platform has led to a proliferation of research into their effectiveness. This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of the Google Translate mobile application (hereinafter “app”) in improving indigenous learners’ English language vocabulary. Fifteen Iban participants with low English language proficiency from rural schools were chosen through purposive sampling. The data were collected by comparing scores in the pre-test and post-test. In addition, the data were triangulated through structured interviews. Key findings indicated that almost all participants achieved high scores in the post-test. The interviews also revealed that all participants affirmed that Google Translate supports their English language proficiency, and only one participant was unsure of its effectiveness. Thus, the findings of this study imply that Google Translate could be an effective teaching tool to enhance learners’ English language vocabulary. Future research could examine the effectiveness of the app in teaching vocabulary in different contexts