MOESM1 of Oral artemisinin monotherapy removal from the private sector in Eastern Myanmar between 2012 and 2014

Additional file 1. Outlet survey Myanmar questionnaire, 2014. This file includes the full questionnaire administered during Myanmar’s 2014 outlet survey

Characteristics of households in which all children under 5 years old slept under an effective insecticide-treated net (ITN), eastern Myanmar, 2014 (N = 1,636).

<p>Characteristics of households in which all children under 5 years old slept under an effective insecticide-treated net (ITN), eastern Myanmar, 2014 (N = 1,636).</p

Demographic characteristics, knowledge of malaria, ownership and use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) by households in urban vs. rural areas in eastern Myanmar, 2014 (N = 4,679 households).

<p>Demographic characteristics, knowledge of malaria, ownership and use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) by households in urban vs. rural areas in eastern Myanmar, 2014 (N = 4,679 households).</p

OSP testing of a rural provider.

<p>OSP testing of a rural provider.</p

Average Provider scores when diagnosing patients and OSP mannequins.

<p>Twenty providers were scored on their performance diagnosing and treating malaria, first by direct observation with real patients; subsequently using the OSP methodology. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030196#pone-0030196-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3</a> shows the providers scored for each of the five diagnosis modules. The weights given to each module were determined through consultation with experts in malaria treatment as described in the text. Possible scores were: Unit 1: History Taking (5); Unit 2: Identify severe signs of malaria (13); Unit 3: Vital Signs (8); Unit 4: Antimalarial drug history (5); Unit 5: Perform Rapid Diagnostic Kit test (30).</p

Difference in performance when caring for directly observed patients and observed simulated patients.

<p>Difference in performance when caring for directly observed patients and observed simulated patients.</p

Summary and Sub-unit evaluations scores for directly observed simulated patients: Reception and diagnosis.

<p>Summary and Sub-unit evaluations scores for directly observed simulated patients: Reception and diagnosis.</p

Comparison of Observed Simulated Patients and Existing Quality Measurement Tools.

<p>Comparison of Observed Simulated Patients and Existing Quality Measurement Tools.</p

Summary and Sub-unit evaluations scores directly observed patients and observed simulated patients: Treatment and referral for malaria positive patients.

<p>Summary and Sub-unit evaluations scores directly observed patients and observed simulated patients: Treatment and referral for malaria positive patients.</p

Relationship of Intraocular Pressure with Central Aortic Systolic Pressure

<p><i>Purpose</i>: To examine the relationship between central aortic systolic pressure (CASP) and intraocular pressure (IOP), and to compare the strength of any association with that of peripheral blood pressure and IOP.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: Adults ranging in age from 40 to 80 years were consecutively recruited from the population-based Singapore Chinese Eye Study. We measured CASP using arterial tonometry (BPro) and IOP using Goldmann applanation tonometry. All participants had a standardized examination including a complete ophthalmic and systemic examination. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using peripheral blood pressure cuff. Univariable and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between CASP and IOP. Standardized regression coefficients (sβ) were calculated to compare the associations between CASP and SBP with IOP.</p> <p><i>Results</i>: A total of 372 consecutive Chinese participants were analyzed. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, total cholesterol, use of antihypertensive medication and central corneal thickness, each 10 mmHg increase in CASP was associated with 0.32 mmHg of IOP elevation [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10–0.53, sβ = 0.160, <i>p</i> value = 0.004]. SBP also had a positive relationship with IOP (<i>β</i> = 0.279, 95% CI: 0.079–0.479, sβ = 0.152, <i>p</i> value = 0.006). Associations between IOP and CASP, SBP and DBP were similar in participants using antihypertensive medication to participant not using antihypertensives.</p> <p><i>Conclusions</i>: Increased CASP, as measured by arterial tonometry, is associated with higher IOP. Our results strengthen the relationship between systemic blood pressure and IOP.</p