18 research outputs found
Connections between the Sznajd Model with General Confidence Rules and graph theory
The Sznajd model is a sociophysics model, that is used to model opinion
propagation and consensus formation in societies. Its main feature is that its
rules favour bigger groups of agreeing people. In a previous work, we
generalized the bounded confidence rule in order to model biases and prejudices
in discrete opinion models. In that work, we applied this modification to the
Sznajd model and presented some preliminary results. The present work extends
what we did in that paper. We present results linking many of the properties of
the mean-field fixed points, with only a few qualitative aspects of the
confidence rule (the biases and prejudices modelled), finding an interesting
connection with graph theory problems. More precisely, we link the existence of
fixed points with the notion of strongly connected graphs and the stability of
fixed points with the problem of finding the maximal independent sets of a
graph. We present some graph theory concepts, together with examples, and
comparisons between the mean-field and simulations in Barab\'asi-Albert
networks, followed by the main mathematical ideas and appendices with the
rigorous proofs of our claims. We also show that there is no qualitative
difference in the mean-field results if we require that a group of size q>2,
instead of a pair, of agreeing agents be formed before they attempt to convince
other sites (for the mean-field, this would coincide with the q-voter model).Comment: 15 pages, 18 figures. To be submitted to Physical Revie
A Generalized Sznajd Model
In the last decade the Sznajd Model has been successfully employed in
modeling some properties and scale features of both proportional and majority
elections. We propose a new version of the Sznajd model with a generalized
bounded confidence rule - a rule that limits the convincing capability of
agents and that is essential to allow coexistence of opinions in the stationary
state. With an appropriate choice of parameters it can be reduced to previous
models. We solved this new model both in a mean-field approach (for an
arbitrary number of opinions) and numerically in a Barabasi-Albert network (for
three and four opinions), studying the transient and the possible stationary
states. We built the phase portrait for the special cases of three and four
opinions, defining the attractors and their basins of attraction. Through this
analysis, we were able to understand and explain discrepancies between
mean-field and simulation results obtained in previous works for the usual
Sznajd Model with bounded confidence and three opinions. Both the dynamical
system approach and our generalized bounded confidence rule are quite general
and we think it can be useful to the understanding of other similar models.Comment: 19 pages with 8 figures. Submitted to Physical Review
Joint fluctuation theorems for sequential heat exchange
We study the statistics of heat exchange of a quantum system that collides
sequentially with an arbitrary number of ancillas. This can describe, for
instance, an accelerated particle going through a bubble chamber. Unlike other
approaches in the literature, our focus is on the \emph{joint} probability
distribution that heat is exchanged with ancilla 1, heat is
exchanged with ancilla 2, and so on. This allows one to address questions
concerning the correlations between the collisional events. The joint
distribution is found to satisfy a Fluctuation theorem of the
Jarzynski-W\'ojcik type. Rather surprisingly, this fluctuation theorem links
the statistics of multiple collisions with that of independent single
collisions, even though the heat exchanges are statistically correlated
The role of asymmetries in rock-paper-scissors biodiversity models.
The maintenance of biodiversity is a long standing puzzle in ecology. It is a classical result that if the interactions of the species in an ecosystem are chosen in a random way, then complex ecosystems can't sustain themselves, meaning that the structure of the interactions between the species must be a central component on the preservation of biodiversity and on the stability of ecosystems. The rock-paper-scissors model is one of the paradigmatic models that study how biodiversity is maintained. In this model 3 species dominate each other in a cyclic way (mimicking a trophic cycle), that is, rock dominates scissors, that dominates paper, that dominates rock. In the original version of this model, this dominance obeys a 'Z IND 3' symmetry, in the sense that the strength of dominance is always the same. In this work, we break this symmetry, studying the effects of the addition of an asymmetry parameter. In the usual model, in a two dimensional lattice, the species distribute themselves according to spiral patterns, that can be explained by the complex Landau-Guinzburg equation. With the addition of asymmetry, new spatial patterns appear during the transient and the system either ends in a state with spirals, similar to the ones of the original model, or in a state where unstable spatial patterns dominate or in a state where only one species survives (and biodiversity is lost)
Energy barriers between metastable states in first-order quantum phase transitions
A system of neutral atoms trapped in an optical lattice and dispersively coupled to the field of an optical cavity can realize a variation of the Bose-Hubbard model with infinite-range interactions. This model exhibits a first-order quantum phase transition between a Mott insulator and a charge density wave, with spontaneous symmetry breaking between even and odd sites, as was recently observed experimentally [Landig, Nature (London) 532, 476 (2016)10.1038/nature17409]. In the present paper, we approach the analysis of this transition using a variational model which allows us to establish the notion of an energy barrier separating the two phases. Using a discrete WKB method, we then show that the local tunneling of atoms between adjacent sites lowers this energy barrier and hence facilitates the transition. Within our simplified description, we are thus able to augment the phase diagram of the model with information concerning the height of the barrier separating the metastable minima from the global minimum in each phase, which is an essential aspect for the understanding of the reconfiguration dynamics induced by a quench across a quantum critical point.Fil: Wald, Sascha. Sissa - International School For Advanced Studies; Italia. Universitat Saarland; AlemaniaFil: Timpanaro, André M.. Universidade Federal Do Abc; BrasilFil: Cormick, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; ArgentinaFil: Landi, Gabriel T.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi