Definition of coastal and frontal behavioral types of Atlantic cod.

<p>Mean (± SE) proportion of daily depth (A) and temperature (B) ranges experienced by individuals tagged with electronic data storage tags (DSTs). Discriminant function analysis (C) performed on the proportion of daily depth and temperature ranges experienced by each individual indicated a clear separation between the coastal (northern: ○; southern: •) and frontal (northern: <b>▵</b>; southern: ▴) behavioral types based upon the proportion of depth and temperature ranges. The visual and DFA classifications of the five individuals represented by a gray circle or triangle could not be reconciled and these individuals were excluded from further analysis. Arrows indicate individuals whose depth and temperature profiles are displayed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017528#pone-0017528-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2a</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017528#pone-0017528-g002" target="_blank">2b</a>.</p

Original capture locations of Atlantic cod implanted with data storage tags (DSTs) around Iceland.

<p>Insets show the sampling regions in north (N1) and south (S1-S5) Iceland and indicate the number of recovered coastal (C, ○) and frontal (F, <b>▵</b>) individuals originally tagged and released in that area. The bracketed numbers and filled symbols represent individuals for whom spawning information could be extracted from their DST profile. Scale bar within each inset indicates a distance of 10 km.</p

Bivariate kernel density estimates of thermal-bathymetric niches occupied during potential spawning activity of Atlantic cod.

<p>Thermal-bathymetric niches occupied during the spawning season as defined as the period between the end of in-migration and outmigration (A, B) and for periods of inferred presence in a spawning aggregation as indicated by the presence of a clear tidal signature during the spawning season (C, D) are presented for southern coastal (A, C) and frontal (B, D) behavioral types in the Icelandic stock of Atlantic cod. Dotted lines enclose the 95^th, 50^th, and 10^th percentiles of the distributions.</p

Phenology of migration and spawning of Atlantic cod in Iceland as extrapolated from recovered electronic data storage tags.

<p>Mean (± SE) Julian (A) and degree (B) day for initiating migration and spawning are shown for each Icelandic cod ecotype (NC = north coastal; NF = north frontal; SC = south coastal; SF = south frontal).</p

Temperature and depth profiles collected by electronic data storage tags implanted in Atlantic cod.

<p>Examples of one year depth and temperature profiles of frontal (A) and coastal (B) behavioral types of Atlantic cod in Iceland showing in-migration to spawning habitat, time spent at spawning grounds, and out-migration back to feeding grounds in the highlighted areas. Temperature is represented by a red line while depth is represented by a blue one. Periods interpreted as time spent in spawning aggregations was characterized by the highlighted portions with a clear tidal signature between in-migration and out-migration (C). Arrows indicate events interpreted as possible Atlantic cod spawning events as described by Brawn (1961a, b), Rose (1993), and Hutchings et al. (1999).</p

Bivariate kernel density estimates of seasonal thermal-bathymetric niches occupied by Atlantic cod ecotypes around Iceland.

<p>Dotted lines enclose the 95^th, 50^th, and 10^th percentiles of the distributions.</p

Conceptual framework for the role of hydrology and geomorphology in structuring downstream particle drift.

<p>The transport speed and retention of passively drifting particles is determined by the interaction between discharge and habitat complexity. Position of sampling sites is relative rather than absolute.</p

FRAGSTATS metrics calculated for thirteen US Fish and Wildlife Service fisheries survey sites on the Canadian and North Canadian rivers and the two replacement sites (not ranked).

#<p>Initial sites ranked on the metrics total area, shape index and contagion index. Number in parentheses shows ranking. Sites in bold represent those selected for egg transport tests.</p

Median capture time, sampling period length (in parentheses) and transport velocities of egg transport experiments on the Canadian and North Canadian rivers.

<p>Mean width∶depth ratio and site discharges used in the regression models and the number of correctly assigned habitat point classifications at each site.</p><p>* Data for these sites published in Worthington T, Brewer SK, Farless N (2013) Spatial and temporal variation in efficiency of the Moore Egg Collector. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 33: 1113–1118.</p

Example images collected from contemporaneously deployed ROV (top row), 120-kHz split beam echosounder (middle row), and DIDSON (bottom row) over boulder/lava field (a), transitional (b), and sand (c) designated habitats off southwest Iceland, 15–16 April 2009.

<p>Note redfish <i>Sebastes</i> sp. identified in ROV video data collected from boulder/lava field habitat, Atlantic cod <i>Gadus morhua</i> identified in both ROV and DIDSON data, and haddock <i>Melanogrammus aeglefinus</i> identified in the ROV data with faint targets detected near the substrate in the DIDSON and 120-kHz split beam echosounder data.</p