5,458 research outputs found
Molecule formation as a diagnostic tool for second order correlations of ultra-cold gases
We calculate the momentum distribution and the second-order correlation
function in momentum space, for molecular dimers
that are coherently formed from an ultracold atomic gas by photoassociation or
a Feshbach resonance. We investigate using perturbation theory how the quantum
statistics of the molecules depend on the initial state of the atoms by
considering three different initial states: a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a
normal Fermi gas of ultra-cold atoms, and a BCS-type superfluid Fermi gas. The
cases of strong and weak coupling to the molecular field are discussed. It is
found that BEC and BCS states give rise to an essentially coherent molecular
field with a momentum distribution determined by the zero-point motion in the
confining potential. On the other hand, a normal Fermi gas and the unpaired
atoms in the BCS state give rise to a molecular field with a broad momentum
distribution and thermal number statistics. It is shown that the first-order
correlations of the molecules can be used to measure second-order correlations
of the initial atomic state.Comment: revtex, 15 pages,8 figure
Energy-dependent partial-wave analysis of all antiproton-proton scattering data below 925 MeV/c
We present a new energy-dependent partial-wave analysis of all
antiproton-proton elastic and charge-exchange scattering data below 925 MeV/c
antiproton laboratory momentum. The long-range parts of the chiral one- and
two-pion exchange interactions are included exactly. The short-range
interactions, including the coupling to the mesonic annihilation channels, are
parametrized by a complex boundary condition at a radius of r=1.2 fm. The
updated database, which includes significantly more high-quality
charge-exchange data, contains 3749 scattering data. The fit results in
chi^2_min/N_df=1.048, where N_df=3578 is the number of degrees of freedom. We
discuss the description of the experimental data and we present the
antiproton-proton phase-shift parameters
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Coherent macroscopic quantum tunneling in boson-fermion mixtures
We show that the cold atom systems of simultaneously trapped Bose-Einstein
condensates (BEC's) and quantum degenerate fermionic atoms provide promising
laboratories for the study of macroscopic quantum tunneling. Our theoretical
studies reveal that the spatial extent of a small trapped BEC immersed in a
Fermi sea can tunnel and coherently oscillate between the values of the
separated and mixed configurations (the phases of the phase separation
transition of BEC-fermion systems). We evaluate the period, amplitude and
dissipation rate for Na and K-atoms and we discuss the
experimental prospects for observing this phenomenon.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Zero sound in a single component fermion - Bose Einstein Condensate mixture
The resonant dynamics of mediated interactions supports zero-sound in a cold
atom degenerate mixture of a single component fermion gas and a Bose-Einstein
condensate (BEC). We characterize the onset of instability in the phase
separation of an unstable mixture and we find a rich collective mode structure
for stable mixtures with one undamped mode that exhibits an avoided crossing
and a Landau-damped mode that terminates.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Lorentz violation in neutron and allowed nuclear beta decay
We explore the possibility that the weak interaction violates Lorentz, and in
particular rotational, invariance in neutron and allowed nuclear beta decay. A
broad class of Lorentz-violating effects is considered, in which the standard
propagator of the W-boson acquires an additional Lorentz-violating tensor. The
general decay rate for allowed beta decay that incorporates such a modified
propagator is derived. The resulting Lorentz-violating signals are discussed
for the different types of beta-decay transitions, Fermi, Gamow-Teller, and
mixed. We study the implications of our formalism for dedicated beta-decay
experiments. We give a short overview of the few relevant experiments that have
been performed or are ongoing.Comment: 23 pages; added reference
Limits on Lorentz violation in neutral-Kaon decay
The KLOE collaboration recently reported bounds on the directional dependence
of the lifetime of the short-lived neutral kaon K_S with respect to the cosmic
microwave background dipole anisotropy. We interpret their results in a general
framework developed to probe Lorentz violation in the weak interaction. In this
approach a Lorentz-violating tensor \chi_{\mu\nu} is added to the standard
propagator of the W boson. We derive the K_S decay rate in a naive tree-level
model and calculate the asymmetry for the lifetime. By using the KLOE data the
real vector part of \chi_{\mu\nu} is found to be smaller than 10^-2. We briefly
discuss the theoretical challenges concerning nonleptonic decays.Comment: Presented at the Sixth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry,
Bloomington, Indiana, June 17-21, 2013
Nuclear beta decay with Lorentz violation
We consider the possibility of Lorentz-invariance violation in weak-decay
processes. We present a general approach that entails modifying the W-boson
propagator by adding a Lorentz-violating tensor to it. We describe the effects
of Lorentz violation on nuclear beta decay in this scenario. In particular we
show the expression for a first-forbidden transition with a spin change of two.
Using data from an old experiment on the rotational invariance of yttrium-90,
we derive several bounds on the Lorentz-violating parameters of the order of
10^(-6)-10^(-8).Comment: 4 pages; presented at the Sixth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry,
Bloomington, Indiana, June 17-21, 2013; Added reference
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