Ocular key data of MME and non-MME eyes.

a)<p>The contralateral eyes of unilateral MME eyes were excluded.</p><p><b>Abbreviations:</b> MME = microcystic macular edema; MS = multiple sclerosis; NMO = neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases; CRION = chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy; ON = optic neuritis; pRNFL = peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer; TMV = total macular volume; SD = standard deviation; Min = minimum value; Max = maximum value.</p

OCT scan settings used for simulation of the repeatability of different thickness estimates.

<p>The first column indicates the OCT device used to produce the scan in each row. The following column names each set of scanning parameter as a concatenation of scan direction, the number of B-scans and the number of A-scans (see columns 4–6). The third column shows for each scan design the generated OCT scans as lines or boxes on exemplary fundus images. The heights and widths of the scan areas are given in column 7, followed by the number of averaging frames in automatic real-time mode in the last column (only applicable for the Spectralis SD-OCT scan settings). NA = not applicable.</p

Explanation of different thickness estimates used for the simulation of repeatability.

<p>The red areas or points on the fundus images indicate the values that were averaged to generate the layer thickness estimates. The text to the right of each image refers to (top-to-bottom): 1) the used OCT device 2) the applied scan as elucidated in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0137316#pone.0137316.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>; 3) the (subset of) B-scans used for the thickness estimate; 4) the procedure used to calculate the thickness estimates; 5) the program used for calculating the thickness estimate. The last column indicated the article(s) in which the layer estimated was applied. For a detailed overview of the segmentation methods applied in the retrieved articles, see Table B in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0137316#pone.0137316.s002" target="_blank">S1 File</a>. Note: the number and spacing of B-scans on the fundus image for the thickness estimates C and E are not correct due to space limitations.</p

Inter-eye differences in patients with unilateral history of optic neuritis.

<p>A) Differences in inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness between affected and unaffected eyes of patients with a unilateral history of optic neuritis categorized by diagnosis. Eyes belonging to one patient are connected by lines. Lines in blue indicate eyes, which the INL of the optic neuritis eyes was thicker compared to the contralateral unaffected eyes, whereas red lines show the contrary. B) Correlation of inter-eye INL thickness differences with inter-eye macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) thickness differences (LR: P<0.001). C) Correlation of inter-eye INL thickness differences with inter-eye ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness differences (LR: P = 0.011).</p

Single case reports of SCA1 patients.

<p>Single case reports of SCA1 patients.</p

Disease severity in MS patients.

<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> MME = microcystic macular edema; MS = multiple sclerosis ON = optic neuritis; SD = standard deviation; Min = minimum value; Max = maximum value; EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale; MSSS = Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score.</p

OCT examination results.

<p>RNFLT results were obtained from 9 SCA1 and compared to 9 age/sex matched healthy controls (HC). 2 eyes of SCA1 patients had to be excluded, one left eye due to blindness and one right eye because of errors in the OCT image. In total, 11 eyes of SCA1 patients fulfilled quality criteria for the TMV scan and were compared to the corresponding eyes of the matching healthy controls.</p

Sample scans showing MME in SLO and OCT images.

<p>Sample SLO images (on the left) and sample OCT B-scan images (on the right) from A) MS patient’s eye with a history of ON but without MME, B) an MS patient’s eye with history of ON and MME, C) an NMO patient’s eye with history of ON and MME and D) an eye from a patient with CRION and MME. Whereas the eye from A does not show any signs of MME in either the SLO or OCT B-scan image, all eyes in B-D show similar findings. The SLO images were mirrored where necessary to standardize orientation.</p

Comparison of histological and CEUS parameters between asymptomatic patients and patients suffering from symptomatic ICA stenosis.

<p>Comparison of histological and CEUS parameters between asymptomatic patients and patients suffering from symptomatic ICA stenosis.</p

Plaque neovascularization and intra-plaque hemorrhages.

<p>(A) Hematoxylin/eosin staining of carotid plaque reveals intraplaque vessels densely filled with erythrocytes (red arrows) alongside acute intraplaque hemorrhages (blue arrows). (B) Higher magnification demonstrates extravascular erythrocytes indicative of intraplaque hemorrhages (black arrow). The intraplaque hemorrhages shown here must be relatively fresh because individual erythrocytes are still clearly demarcated. (C) Axial imaging of carotid artery by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The red arrow points to the area that corresponds to the histological image (A). CEUS is not able to distinguish between contrast agent located within neovessels and contrast agent moving freely within the plaque, such as may be the case in neovessel rupture followed by intraplaque hemorrhage.</p