Thermodynamic optimization of the B-Fe system

The B-Fe binary system has been optimized using the CALPHAD method, utilizing published experimental thermochemical and phase diagram data. Two models for the solid solubility of B in b.c.c. Fe and in f.c.c. Fe are presented, B as a interstitial, and B as a substitutional constituent. Thermodynamic calculations based on the interstitial and the substitutional model were in good agreement with experimental data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.status: publishe

Freeze lining formation of a synthetic lead slag

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On the microstructure of a freeze lining of an industrial nonferrous slag

Labscale freeze layers of an industrial nonferrous slag with Al2O3-CaO-FeOx-MgO-SiO2-ZnO as main components are studied to explore the microstructure and the composition of an industrial freeze lining. The freeze layers were formed by submerging a watercooled probe into a liquid slag bath. The influence of submergence time, of heat input from the furnace, and of the rotational speed of the crucible is studied. The microstructures of the freeze layers are examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermodynamic software is used to interpret the solidification microstructure. The results show that the freeze layer microstructure consists of different zones, depending on the local thermal history. These zones show different growth morphologies and different microstructure scales, from an amorphous matrix with small crystals to large columnar crystals. Furthermore, two microstructure types are observed, one with melilite columnar crystals and the other with olivine columnar crystals. These microstructure types appear for similar experimental conditions and are even observed within the same freeze layer. An increase in submergence time or in heat input from the slag bath does not seem to favor a particular microstructure type. A high rotational speed of the crucible resulting in a higher convection in the slag bath seems to favor the microstructure type with olivine columnar crystals.status: publishe

Three-dimensional computational-cell modeling of the micromechanics of the martensitic transformation in transformation-induced-plasticity-assisted multiphase steels

A three-dimensional finite-element microstructural cell model involving an inclusion of retained austenite embedded within a ferrite grain, which is surrounded by a homogeneous matrix representing the behavior of a transformation-induced-plasticity (TRIP)-assisted multiphase steel, was developed in order to address the micromechanics of the martensitic transformation in small isolated austenite grains. The transformation of a single martensite plate is simulated after various amounts of prior plastic deformation under different in-plane loading conditions. The values of the mechanical driving force and of the elastic and plastic accommodation energies associated with the transformation are calculated as a function of the externally applied loading conditions. The mechanical driving force and the total accommodation energy are of the same order of magnitude. The mechanical driving force depends upon the stress state and is the highest for plane-strain conditions. The total accommodation energy is almost independent of the stress state. It is affected by the amount of plastic straining prior to transformation and is very much dependent on the level of the shear component of the transformation strain. The results of this study provide guidelines for the development of realistic stress-state-dependent transformation evolution laws for TRIP-assisted multiphase steels.status: publishe

The management of physical health for patients with psychotic disorders in primary care

Introduction Primary care can contribute to a qualitative and effective process of (somatic) care for patients with psychosis. The use of antipsychotics e.g. needs a conscientious follow up. The aim of this project was to explore how the guidelines concerning the follow up of cardiovascular and metabolic side effects of antipsychotic drugs are used in Flanders, how this process can be improved, how the somatic care for patients with psychosis is handled in general practice and what role psychiatrists, pharmacists and GPs play in this process. Methods 1. A mixed method was used combining personal interviews and postal questionnaires of general practitioners, community and hospital pharmacists and psychiatrists. 2. The NHS Lester UK adaptation guideline 2014 was adapted to the Flemish situation. Results In total 57 health care professionals were involved: 29 were interviewed (9 GPs, 7 psychiatrists, 11 pharmacists and 2 nurses) and 28 GPs answered the postal questionnaire. The adapted guideline is manageable in Flanders. The follow up of cardiometabolic parameters is a GPs task, supported by the psychiatrist and pharmacist and using evidence based guidelines. The knowledge and use of guidelines in all disciplines are very poor and suboptimal. Shared electronic medical records and structured interdisciplinary consultation are favourable. Discussion 1. The care for somatic problems in patients with psychosis is a GP task, to be supported by psychiatrists, pharmacists, evidence based guidelines, shared electronic data files and interdisciplinary concertation. 2. Guidelines are not well used, implemented and followed 3. The NHS Lester UK adaptation guideline 2014 was adapted to the Flemish situationstatus: publishe