Bladder capacity characteristics before and after AC with ileum (5×5 cm) at increasing pressures.

<p>AC, augmentation cystoplasty.</p><p>Volumetric increases after ileocystoplasty ranged from 51±9 ml at 2 mmHg to 96±13 ml at 10 mmHg (*p<0.01, n = 6).</p

Comparative assessment of compliance values in both groups before and after AC.

<p>AC, augmentation cystoplasty.</p><p>Compliance values were obtained by dividing volume changes by their relative pressure changes at 10 mmHg. Values were also compared between both groups after AC.</p><p>*Comparing baseline compliance values with values post AC in both groups.</p>†<p>Comparing percentage increases in compliance between ileum and UBM.</p

Comparative illustration of percentage increases in bladder capacity after AC with ileum and UBM.

<p>Bladder capacity increases were not statistically significant at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mmHg when AC with ileum (5×5 cm) was compared with UBM (8×6.5 cm), (p>0.5). AC, augmentation cystoplasty.</p

Augmentation cystoplasty with autogenous distal ileum (A) and UBM (B).

<p>For the ileocystoplasty the apex of the bladder was bivalved horizontally for 5 cm and detubularised ileum (5×5 cm) was sutured to the bladder (A). For the UBM-cystoplasty the bladder was bivalved 5 cm horizontally along is apex and four-ply UBM (8×6.5 cm) was sutured to the bladder (B).</p

Bladder capacity characteristics at before and after AC with UBM (8×6.5 cm) at increasing pressures.

<p>AC, augmentation cystoplasty.</p><p>Volumetric increases after AC with UBM ranged from 52±16 ml at 2 mmHg to 100±25 ml at 10 mmHg. Percentage increases in capacity ranged from 37±11% at 2 mmHg to 39±6% at 10 mmHg (*p<0.02, n = 6).</p

Comparative uni-axial tensile testing between UBM, ileum and bladder tissue.

<p>Strips of UBM (40 mm ×9.3 mm ×0.20±0 mm), ileum (40 mm ×9.3 mm ×0.35±0 mm) and bladder tissue (30 mm ×9.3 mm ×1.5±0.29 mm) were loaded into the tensile tester and an incremental extension rate of 1 mm/s was applied. Extension data and load obtained during the testing period were converted to stress (σ) and strain (ε) values for comparative analysis<b>.</b></p

Comparative illustration of bladder capacity (ml) at baseline and after AC with ileum (A) and UBM (B).

<p>AC, augmentation cystoplasty.</p

Comparative assessment of percentage increases in bladder capacity at increasing pressures after AC was performed with ileum and UBM.

<p>AC, augmentation cystoplasty.</p><p>Percentage increases in capacity were greater in ovine models that underwent AC with ileum compared to UBM and ranged from 3±12% at 2 mmHg to 1±5% at 10 mmHg. These values were not statistically significant (*p>0.5).</p

Comparative assessment of uni-axial tensile testing results between UBM, ileum and bladder tissue (*p<0.001).

<p>Comparative assessment of uni-axial tensile testing results between UBM, ileum and bladder tissue (*p<0.001).</p

Schematic of ovine bladder connected to pressure/volume rig at 10 mmHg via the urethral orifice.

<p>The filling rate into the bladder was 0.5 ml/min and bladder capacity was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mmHg by measuring the volume (ml) of infused fluid at each pressure (mmHg) measurement.</p