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Negotiation for Meaning Routines in Audio SCMC Interactions: An Expanded Framework
Negotiation for meaning, in response to instances of non-understanding, plays an important role in SLA. Meaning negotiation routines in face-to-face classroom interactions have been identified by Varonis and Gass. Smith expands the model to adapt it to text chat CMC environments. In the past decade, synchronous audio CMC has become commonly used for online language teaching, but its affordances are different from text chat CMC. Therefore, it is necessary to examine what meaning negotiation routines are in language learners’ oral interactions in this new online learning environment. In this study, participants were invited to complete two information gap tasks in which target lexical items were embedded to elicit learners’ negotiation for meaning and then they participated in a stimulated recall interview. Based on the analysis of students’ oral interactions in synchronous audio CMC, the authors propose two new possible stages in negotiation for meaning routines and demonstrate how different modes of communication can affect language learning online
On seminormal monoid rings
Given a seminormal affine monoid M we consider several monoid properties of M
and their connections to ring properties of the associated affine monoid ring
K[M] over a field K. We characterize when K[M] satisfies Serre's condition
(S_2) and analyze the local cohomology of K[M]. As an application we present
criteria which imply that K[M] is Cohen--Macaulay and we give lower bounds for
the depth of K[M]. Finally, the seminormality of an arbitrary affine monoid M
is studied with characteristic p methods.Comment: 23 page
A Feshbach engine in the Thomas-Fermi regime
Bose-Einstein condensates can be used to produce work by tuning the strength
of the interparticle interactions with the help of Feshbach resonances. In
inhomogeneous potentials, these interaction ramps change the volume of the
trapped gas allowing one to create a thermodynamic cycle known as the Feshbach
engine. However, in order to obtain a large power output, the engine strokes
must be performed on a short timescale, which is in contrast with the fact that
the efficiency of the engine is reduced by irreversible work if the strokes are
done in a non-adiabatic fashion. Here we investigate how such an engine can be
run in the Thomas-Fermi regime and present a shortcut to adiabaticity that
minimizes the irreversible work and allows for efficient engine operation.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
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