74 research outputs found
Sample characteristics.
IntroductionAcute respiratory illness (ARI) is a leading cause of mortality in children under 5 (CU5) in Malawi and can be prevented with 3-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). There has been no national study in Malawi that seeks to associate social economic factors leading to PCV vaccine uptake and reported acute respiratory infections (RARI). The objectives of our study were to do this.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from the 2014 UNICEF Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to construct mutlivariable logistic regression models for independent associations with PCV 1/2/3 immunisation and RARI.Results56% of CU5 in Malawi RARI in the 2 week recall period of the survey. Independent associations with reduced odds of RARI were central region living (OR 0.82, 95%CI (0.71β0.93)) middle (OR 0.84, (0.73β0.97)) fourth (OR 0.79, (0.68β0.92)) and richest wealth quintiles (OR 0.73, (0.60β0.88)). Using straw/shrubs for fuel was associated with increased RARI (OR 3.13, (1.00β9.79)). Among 1β36 month olds, in 2014, 93.3% received PCV1, 86.8% PCV2 and 77.0% PCV3. Between 2011β2014, the average age in months for a child to receive PCV1/2/3 reduced by 26.6 for PCV1, 26.4 for PCV2, and 26.1 for PCV 3. Independent predicators for increased odds of all 3 PCV doses, relative to 0β5 age group, were age group 6β11 (OR 21.8, (18.2β26.1) 12β23 (OR 27.5, (23.5β32.2) 24β36 months (OR 9.09, (7.89β10.5), mothers having a secondary (OR 1.52, (1.25β1.84)) or higher education (OR 2.68, (1.43β5.04) when compared to no education, and children in the middle (OR 1.24, (1.07β1.43)) fourth (OR 1.27, (1.09β1.48)) richest (OR 1.54, (1.27β1.88)) wealth quintiles relative to the lowest. Children living with 4β6 other children was independently associated with reduced odds of receiving all 3 PCV doses (OR 0.56, (0.33β0.96).ConclusionWe report nationally representative social economic associations with RARI and PCV vaccine uptake and coverage estimates. We found reductions in the average age a child receives all 3 PCV vaccine doses between 2011β2014.</div
Socio-economic associations with PCV1/2/3 for 1β36 month olds.
Socio-economic associations with PCV1/2/3 for 1β36 month olds.</p
Socio-economic associations with RARI in children under 5.
Socio-economic associations with RARI in children under 5.</p
S1 File -
IntroductionAcute respiratory illness (ARI) is a leading cause of mortality in children under 5 (CU5) in Malawi and can be prevented with 3-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). There has been no national study in Malawi that seeks to associate social economic factors leading to PCV vaccine uptake and reported acute respiratory infections (RARI). The objectives of our study were to do this.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from the 2014 UNICEF Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to construct mutlivariable logistic regression models for independent associations with PCV 1/2/3 immunisation and RARI.Results56% of CU5 in Malawi RARI in the 2 week recall period of the survey. Independent associations with reduced odds of RARI were central region living (OR 0.82, 95%CI (0.71β0.93)) middle (OR 0.84, (0.73β0.97)) fourth (OR 0.79, (0.68β0.92)) and richest wealth quintiles (OR 0.73, (0.60β0.88)). Using straw/shrubs for fuel was associated with increased RARI (OR 3.13, (1.00β9.79)). Among 1β36 month olds, in 2014, 93.3% received PCV1, 86.8% PCV2 and 77.0% PCV3. Between 2011β2014, the average age in months for a child to receive PCV1/2/3 reduced by 26.6 for PCV1, 26.4 for PCV2, and 26.1 for PCV 3. Independent predicators for increased odds of all 3 PCV doses, relative to 0β5 age group, were age group 6β11 (OR 21.8, (18.2β26.1) 12β23 (OR 27.5, (23.5β32.2) 24β36 months (OR 9.09, (7.89β10.5), mothers having a secondary (OR 1.52, (1.25β1.84)) or higher education (OR 2.68, (1.43β5.04) when compared to no education, and children in the middle (OR 1.24, (1.07β1.43)) fourth (OR 1.27, (1.09β1.48)) richest (OR 1.54, (1.27β1.88)) wealth quintiles relative to the lowest. Children living with 4β6 other children was independently associated with reduced odds of receiving all 3 PCV doses (OR 0.56, (0.33β0.96).ConclusionWe report nationally representative social economic associations with RARI and PCV vaccine uptake and coverage estimates. We found reductions in the average age a child receives all 3 PCV vaccine doses between 2011β2014.</div
PCV coverage calculations and result estimates.
IntroductionAcute respiratory illness (ARI) is a leading cause of mortality in children under 5 (CU5) in Malawi and can be prevented with 3-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). There has been no national study in Malawi that seeks to associate social economic factors leading to PCV vaccine uptake and reported acute respiratory infections (RARI). The objectives of our study were to do this.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from the 2014 UNICEF Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to construct mutlivariable logistic regression models for independent associations with PCV 1/2/3 immunisation and RARI.Results56% of CU5 in Malawi RARI in the 2 week recall period of the survey. Independent associations with reduced odds of RARI were central region living (OR 0.82, 95%CI (0.71β0.93)) middle (OR 0.84, (0.73β0.97)) fourth (OR 0.79, (0.68β0.92)) and richest wealth quintiles (OR 0.73, (0.60β0.88)). Using straw/shrubs for fuel was associated with increased RARI (OR 3.13, (1.00β9.79)). Among 1β36 month olds, in 2014, 93.3% received PCV1, 86.8% PCV2 and 77.0% PCV3. Between 2011β2014, the average age in months for a child to receive PCV1/2/3 reduced by 26.6 for PCV1, 26.4 for PCV2, and 26.1 for PCV 3. Independent predicators for increased odds of all 3 PCV doses, relative to 0β5 age group, were age group 6β11 (OR 21.8, (18.2β26.1) 12β23 (OR 27.5, (23.5β32.2) 24β36 months (OR 9.09, (7.89β10.5), mothers having a secondary (OR 1.52, (1.25β1.84)) or higher education (OR 2.68, (1.43β5.04) when compared to no education, and children in the middle (OR 1.24, (1.07β1.43)) fourth (OR 1.27, (1.09β1.48)) richest (OR 1.54, (1.27β1.88)) wealth quintiles relative to the lowest. Children living with 4β6 other children was independently associated with reduced odds of receiving all 3 PCV doses (OR 0.56, (0.33β0.96).ConclusionWe report nationally representative social economic associations with RARI and PCV vaccine uptake and coverage estimates. We found reductions in the average age a child receives all 3 PCV vaccine doses between 2011β2014.</div
S1 Data -
IntroductionAcute respiratory illness (ARI) is a leading cause of mortality in children under 5 (CU5) in Malawi and can be prevented with 3-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). There has been no national study in Malawi that seeks to associate social economic factors leading to PCV vaccine uptake and reported acute respiratory infections (RARI). The objectives of our study were to do this.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from the 2014 UNICEF Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to construct mutlivariable logistic regression models for independent associations with PCV 1/2/3 immunisation and RARI.Results56% of CU5 in Malawi RARI in the 2 week recall period of the survey. Independent associations with reduced odds of RARI were central region living (OR 0.82, 95%CI (0.71β0.93)) middle (OR 0.84, (0.73β0.97)) fourth (OR 0.79, (0.68β0.92)) and richest wealth quintiles (OR 0.73, (0.60β0.88)). Using straw/shrubs for fuel was associated with increased RARI (OR 3.13, (1.00β9.79)). Among 1β36 month olds, in 2014, 93.3% received PCV1, 86.8% PCV2 and 77.0% PCV3. Between 2011β2014, the average age in months for a child to receive PCV1/2/3 reduced by 26.6 for PCV1, 26.4 for PCV2, and 26.1 for PCV 3. Independent predicators for increased odds of all 3 PCV doses, relative to 0β5 age group, were age group 6β11 (OR 21.8, (18.2β26.1) 12β23 (OR 27.5, (23.5β32.2) 24β36 months (OR 9.09, (7.89β10.5), mothers having a secondary (OR 1.52, (1.25β1.84)) or higher education (OR 2.68, (1.43β5.04) when compared to no education, and children in the middle (OR 1.24, (1.07β1.43)) fourth (OR 1.27, (1.09β1.48)) richest (OR 1.54, (1.27β1.88)) wealth quintiles relative to the lowest. Children living with 4β6 other children was independently associated with reduced odds of receiving all 3 PCV doses (OR 0.56, (0.33β0.96).ConclusionWe report nationally representative social economic associations with RARI and PCV vaccine uptake and coverage estimates. We found reductions in the average age a child receives all 3 PCV vaccine doses between 2011β2014.</div
Demonstrating a childβs average age in months to receive PCV/1/2/3 since introduction in 2011 and survey completion in 2014.
Demonstrating a childβs average age in months to receive PCV/1/2/3 since introduction in 2011 and survey completion in 2014.</p
S1 Dataset -
IntroductionAcute respiratory illness (ARI) is a leading cause of mortality in children under 5 (CU5) in Malawi and can be prevented with 3-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). There has been no national study in Malawi that seeks to associate social economic factors leading to PCV vaccine uptake and reported acute respiratory infections (RARI). The objectives of our study were to do this.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from the 2014 UNICEF Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to construct mutlivariable logistic regression models for independent associations with PCV 1/2/3 immunisation and RARI.Results56% of CU5 in Malawi RARI in the 2 week recall period of the survey. Independent associations with reduced odds of RARI were central region living (OR 0.82, 95%CI (0.71β0.93)) middle (OR 0.84, (0.73β0.97)) fourth (OR 0.79, (0.68β0.92)) and richest wealth quintiles (OR 0.73, (0.60β0.88)). Using straw/shrubs for fuel was associated with increased RARI (OR 3.13, (1.00β9.79)). Among 1β36 month olds, in 2014, 93.3% received PCV1, 86.8% PCV2 and 77.0% PCV3. Between 2011β2014, the average age in months for a child to receive PCV1/2/3 reduced by 26.6 for PCV1, 26.4 for PCV2, and 26.1 for PCV 3. Independent predicators for increased odds of all 3 PCV doses, relative to 0β5 age group, were age group 6β11 (OR 21.8, (18.2β26.1) 12β23 (OR 27.5, (23.5β32.2) 24β36 months (OR 9.09, (7.89β10.5), mothers having a secondary (OR 1.52, (1.25β1.84)) or higher education (OR 2.68, (1.43β5.04) when compared to no education, and children in the middle (OR 1.24, (1.07β1.43)) fourth (OR 1.27, (1.09β1.48)) richest (OR 1.54, (1.27β1.88)) wealth quintiles relative to the lowest. Children living with 4β6 other children was independently associated with reduced odds of receiving all 3 PCV doses (OR 0.56, (0.33β0.96).ConclusionWe report nationally representative social economic associations with RARI and PCV vaccine uptake and coverage estimates. We found reductions in the average age a child receives all 3 PCV vaccine doses between 2011β2014.</div
Presenting RARI frequency by age group in months.
IntroductionAcute respiratory illness (ARI) is a leading cause of mortality in children under 5 (CU5) in Malawi and can be prevented with 3-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). There has been no national study in Malawi that seeks to associate social economic factors leading to PCV vaccine uptake and reported acute respiratory infections (RARI). The objectives of our study were to do this.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from the 2014 UNICEF Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to construct mutlivariable logistic regression models for independent associations with PCV 1/2/3 immunisation and RARI.Results56% of CU5 in Malawi RARI in the 2 week recall period of the survey. Independent associations with reduced odds of RARI were central region living (OR 0.82, 95%CI (0.71β0.93)) middle (OR 0.84, (0.73β0.97)) fourth (OR 0.79, (0.68β0.92)) and richest wealth quintiles (OR 0.73, (0.60β0.88)). Using straw/shrubs for fuel was associated with increased RARI (OR 3.13, (1.00β9.79)). Among 1β36 month olds, in 2014, 93.3% received PCV1, 86.8% PCV2 and 77.0% PCV3. Between 2011β2014, the average age in months for a child to receive PCV1/2/3 reduced by 26.6 for PCV1, 26.4 for PCV2, and 26.1 for PCV 3. Independent predicators for increased odds of all 3 PCV doses, relative to 0β5 age group, were age group 6β11 (OR 21.8, (18.2β26.1) 12β23 (OR 27.5, (23.5β32.2) 24β36 months (OR 9.09, (7.89β10.5), mothers having a secondary (OR 1.52, (1.25β1.84)) or higher education (OR 2.68, (1.43β5.04) when compared to no education, and children in the middle (OR 1.24, (1.07β1.43)) fourth (OR 1.27, (1.09β1.48)) richest (OR 1.54, (1.27β1.88)) wealth quintiles relative to the lowest. Children living with 4β6 other children was independently associated with reduced odds of receiving all 3 PCV doses (OR 0.56, (0.33β0.96).ConclusionWe report nationally representative social economic associations with RARI and PCV vaccine uptake and coverage estimates. We found reductions in the average age a child receives all 3 PCV vaccine doses between 2011β2014.</div
Mean weight-for-height <i>z-</i>scores for children by arm over time.
<p>CG, control group; DC, double cash; FFV, fresh food voucher; SC, standard cash; WHZ, weight-for-height <i>z</i>-score.</p
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