Per capita income and productivity as indices of development and welfare: some comments on Kuznetsians economic history

"1. Die Verwendung der makroökonomischen Größe Volkseinkommen pro Einwohner (VpE) in wirtschaftshistorischen Untersuchungen hängt mit dem sog. 'Wachstumsparadigma' zusammen: geht es in solchen Untersuchungen um die Beschreibung und/oder Interpretation des Wirtschaftswachstums, so ist jene Größe (oder ein gleichwertiger Ersatz) - und deren Komponenten - unentbehrlich. Kritik an das Paradigma sollte dennoch von Kritik an der Größe selbst unterschieden werden. 2. Dieser Beitrag geht von der Annahme aus, daß Länder, wie einzelne Wirtschaftssubjekte, nach materieller Wohlstandsteigerung streben, und daß der Erfolg dieses Strebens, d. h. Wohlfahrt, an der Entwicklung des VpE gemessen werden kann. 3. Kritik an der Verwendung des VpE als Wohlstandsindikator kann in 5 Punkten aufgegliedert werden: (1) das Problem nichtmaterieller Güter; (2) das Problem der nichtmarktwirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten; (3) die Definition der End- bzw. Zwischenprodukte; (4) die Annahme von konstanten Präferenzen (einschließlich Indexzifferprobleme); und (5) das Problem der Verteilung. Diese Probleme qualifizieren die Interpretation von VpE als Indikator der Wohlfahrtssteigerung, rechtfertigen aber nicht deren gänzliche Zurückweisung. 4. Alternativen zum VpE wie z. B. Tobin und Nordhaus' M. E. W. oder die 'sozialen Indikatoren' sind in einzelnen Fällen empfehlenswert, aber kein allgemein akzeptabler Ersatz für das VpE. 5. Produktivitätsmessung als Instrument der wachstumsorientierten Geschichtsschreibung unterliegt demselben methodischen Problem wie das VpE. Dies kann an der Diskussion einiger neuerer wirtschaftshistorischer Arbeiten insbesondere der Arbeit von Fogel und Engerman über die amerikanische Sklavenwirtschaft im 19. Jahrhundert gezeigt werden. Diese Diskussion zeigt aber zugleich die große Bedeutung der 'Produktivitätsgeschichte' für allgemeine historiographische Fragen." (Autorenreferat

Equation of Motion for a Spin Vortex and Geometric Force

The Hamiltonian equation of motion is studied for a vortex occuring in 2-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnet of anisotropic type by starting with the effective action for the spin field formulated by the Bloch (or spin) coherent state. The resultant equation shows the existence of a geometric force that is analogous to the so-called Magnus force in superfluid. This specific force plays a significant role for a quantum dynamics for a single vortex, e.g, the determination of the bound state of the vortex trapped by a pinning force arising from the interaction of the vortex with an impurity.Comment: 13 pages, plain te

Einleitung: Probleme und Möglichkeiten einer quantitativen vergleichenden Unternehmensgeschichte

Tilly spricht in seinem einleitenden Beitrag zu Problemen und Möglichkeiten einer quantitativen vergleichenden Unternehmensgeschichte vier methodische Punkte an: (1) die Priorität der Fragestellung vor den Quellen; (2) eine Definition des Forschungsfeldes "Unternehmensgeschichte"; (3) die Rolle der Quantifizierung und (4) die Bedeutung des Vergleichs. Er plädiert (1) für ein deduktives, theoriegeleitetes Vorgehen, (2) für eine Orientierung der Forschung an allgemeinen Unternehmensproblemen statt einer Darstellung von Einzelunternehmen, (3) für die Verwendung quantitativer Daten und (4) für eine vergleichende Perspektive. Anschließend wird zur Konkretisierung dieser methodischen Überlegungen kurz auf das historische Fallbeispiel der relativen Stagnation der Volkswirtschaft Großbritanniens, 1870-1914, eingegangen. (STR

KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN SAPI POTONG MELALUI INTRODUKSI TEKNOLOGI PAKAN

Pakan adalah salah satu faktor penting dalam menunjang pengembangan peternakan sapi potong. Kendalanya ternak sapi digembalakan di lahan pertanian sehingga pakan yang dikonsumsi adalah rumput lapangan yang kualitasnya rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis strategi apa yang digunakan untuk introduksi teknologi pakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei, dengan teknik PRA. Penentuan lokasi dilakukan secara purposive sampling yaitu kecamatan yang memiliki populasi sapi yang rendah. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari publikasi (BPS) dan artikel-artikel ilmiah. Responden ditentukan secara purposive sampling yaitu petani yang ternak sapi potong tradisonal. Responden kunci adalah pejabat Dinas Pertanian Peternakan dan penyuluh pertanian di lokasi penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan analisis PMSL dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ternak sapi potong digembalakan di lahan pertanian dengan pakan yang dikonsumsi adalah rumput yang kualitasnya rendah. Usaha ternak sapi potong yang bersifat tradisional ditunjukkan dengan skala kecil. Teknologi yang digunakan masih sederhana artinya petani peternak belum memperhatikan teknologi pakan berkualitas dan pengolahan pakan. Potensi maksimum sumberdaya lahan di bawah pohon kelapa (PMSL) untuk Kecamatan Bolangitang Timur adalah sebesar 3.158,42, Kecamatan Bintauna sebesar 3.206,55 dan Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat adalah sebesar 4.744,24.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi yang dikembangkan adalah strategi agresif untuk meningkatkan peluang dengan memanfaatkan kekuatan yang ada. Perlu sosialisasi bagi petani peternak untuk introduksi hijauan berkualitas dan pengawetan hijauan.Kata Kunci : teknologi, introduksi, pakan, sapi, kebijakanBEEF CATTLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY THROUGH FEED TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTIONFeed was an important factor in supporting the development of beef cattle farms. The problem was that cattle were grazed on agricultural land so that the feed consumed was field grass of low quality. The purpose of this research was to analyze what strategies were used for the introduction of feed technology. The research method used was a survey method, with the PRA technique. The location was determined by purposive sampling, namely districts that had a low cattle population. The data collected is primary data obtained from publications (BPS) and scientific articles. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling, namely farmers who were traditional beef cattle. Key respondents were officials of Department of the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, and agricultural extension agents. Data were analyzed using PMSL and descriptive analysis. The results showed that beef cattle were grazed on agricultural land and the feed consumed was grass of low quality. Traditional beef cattle business was shown on a small scale. The technology used was traditional means that quality feed technology and processing have not been applied by farmers. The maximum potential of land resources under coconut trees (PMSL) for District of East Bolangitang District was 3,158.42, Bintauna was 3,206.55 and West Bolangitang was 4,744.24. Based on the research results it can be concluded that the strategy developed is an aggressive strategy to increase opportunities by utilizing existing strengths. Socialization is needed for farmers to introduce quality forages and forage preservation.Keywords: technology, introduction, feed, cattle, polic

Phase 1 Inspection Report: National Dam Safety Program. Mississippi - Kaskaskia - St. Louis Basin. Lake Adelle Dam, Jefferson County, Missouri

This report is prepared under guidance contained in Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Recommended Guidelines For Safety Inspection Of Dams, for a Phase I investigation. The purpose of a Phase I investigation is to identify expeditiously those dams which may pose hazards to human life or property. The assessment of the general conditions of the dam is based upon available data and visual inspections. Detailed investigations and analyses involving topographic mapping, subsurface Investigations, testing and detailed computational evaluations are beyond the scope of a Phase I investigation; however, the investigation is intended to identify any need for such studies. In reviewing this report, it should be realized that the reported condition of the dam is based on observations of field conditions at the time of inspection along with data available to the inspection team* Additional data or data furnished containing incorrect information could alter the findings of this report. It is important to note that the condition of the dam depends on numerous and constantly changing internal and external conditions and is evolutionary in nature. It would be incorrect to assume that the present condition of the dam will continue to represent the condition of the dam at some point In the future. Only through continued care and inspection can there be any chance that unsafe conditions be detected

Tilly's Technical Accounts and Standard Stories Explored in Financial Markets:The Case of the Istanbul Stock Exchange

In this article, I follow the lead opened up by Tilly (1999, 2002) who was interested in people's storytelling. I do so by looking at sense-making and the legitimacy narratives of market actors in the Istanbul Stock Exchange. Tilly (2006, 2008) himself walked the narrative path and investigated Why and how people give reasons and how people attribute Credit and Blame to other's actions. These books provide insights into people's storytelling in the everyday situations of the home, courtrooms, hospitals, and so on. Nevertheless, Tilly's faith in the prevalence of technical accounts as modes of explanation in intra and inter organisational settings, and superior stories as mode of communication between expert givers and non-specialized receivers, seems to ignore informational uncertainties, intra and inter organisational hierarchies and conflicts pertinent to organisations. It is these factors that push standard stories (Tilly, 1999) into the forefront at the expense of technical stories within the story exchanges of market actors. I demonstrate this by presenting a sample of story exchanges from the Istanbul Stock Exchange under situations of informational uncertainties and organisational conflicts

EHA/ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Malignant Lymphoma: Recommendations for the Second Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic

No abstract availabl

Political Regimes and Sovereign Credit Risk in Europe, 1750-1913

This article uses a new panel data set to perform a statistical analysis of political regimes and sovereign credit risk in Europe from 1750 to 1913. Old Regime polities typically suffered from fiscal fragmentation and absolutist rule. By the start of World War I, however, many such countries had centralized institutions and limited government. Panel regressions indicate that centralized and?or limited regimes were associated with significant improvements in credit risk relative to fragmented and absolutist ones. Structural break tests also reveal close relationships between major turning points in yield series and political transformations