Au croisement de la Physique et de l'Archéologie: le projet OSIRIS (Optical Systems for Interferometric Relief Investigation and Scanning), Projet de développement d'un système de relevé numérique des documents archéologiques et épigraphiques en trois dimensions par des procédés optoélectroniques

Archeology is continually confronted with the problem of recording the objects of its study. In order to bring a response to this crucial problem, the OSIRIS project proposes to develop one or more surveying optoelectronics techniques that allow precise, fast and flexible recording, applied to specific needs and particularly archaeological study.Projet OSIRIS - DEIO

Comparison of isokinetic hip abduction and adduction peak torques and ratio between sexes

Objective: To evaluate hip abductor and adductor peak torque outputs and compare their ratios between sexes. Design: A cross-sectional laboratory-controlled study. Setting: Participants visited a laboratory and performed an isokinetic hip abductor and adductor test. All participants performed 2 sets of 5 repetitions of concentric hip abduction and adduction in a standing position at 60 degrees per second. Gravity was determined as a function of joint angle relative to the horizontal plane and was corrected by normalizing the weight of the limb on an individual basis. Participants: A total of 36 collegiate athletes. Independent Variables: Sex (20 females and 16 males). Main Outcome Measures: Bilateral peak hip abductor and adductor torques were measured. The 3 highest peak torque values were averaged for each subject. Results: Independent t tests were used to compare sex differences in hip abductor and adductor peak torques and the abductor:adductor peak torque ratios. Males demonstrated significantly greater hip abductor peak torque compared with females (males 1.29 ± 0.24 Nm/kg, females 1.13 ± 0.20 Nm/kg; P = 0.03). Neither hip adductor peak torque nor their ratios differed between sexes. Conclusions: Sex differences in hip abductor strength were observed. The role of weaker hip abductors in females deserves further attention and may be a factor for higher risk of knee pathologies

Indirect evidence for the genetic determination of short stature in African Pygmies

Central African Pygmy populations are known to be the shortest human populations worldwide. Many evolutionary hypotheses have been proposed to explain this short stature: adaptation to food limitations, climate, forest density, or high mortality rates. However, such hypotheses are difficult to test given the lack of long‐term surveys and demographic data. Whether the short stature observed nowadays in African Pygmy populations as compared to their Non‐Pygmy neighbors is determined by genetic factors remains widely unknown. Here, we study a uniquely large new anthropometrical dataset comprising more than 1,000 individuals from 10 Central African Pygmy and neighboring Non‐Pygmy populations, categorized as such based on cultural criteria rather than height. We show that climate, or forest density may not play a major role in the difference in adult stature between existing Pygmies and Non‐Pygmies, without ruling out the hypothesis that such factors played an important evolutionary role in the past. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between stature and neutral genetic variation in a subset of 213 individuals and found that the Pygmy individuals' stature was significantly positively correlated with levels of genetic similarity with the Non‐Pygmy gene‐pool for both men and women. Overall, we show that a Pygmy individual exhibiting a high level of genetic admixture with the neighboring Non‐Pygmies is likely to be taller. These results show for the first time that the major morphological difference in stature found between Central African Pygmy and Non‐Pygmy populations is likely determined by genetic factors. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86961/1/21512_ftp.pd

Barriers and facilitators associated with implementing interventions to support oral anticancer agent adherence in academic and community cancer center settings

Purpose The goal of this study is to determine barriers and facilitators to the implementation of medication adherence interventions to support cancer patients taking novel, targeted oral anticancer agents (OAAs). Methods We conducted qualitative interviews using a semi-structured guide from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We used purposive sampling to identify clinicians (physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, nurses) and administrators (leadership from medicine, pharmacy, and nursing) who delivered care and/or oversee care delivery for patients with chronic leukemia prescribed an OAA. Results A total of 19 individuals participated in an interview (12 clinicians and 7 administrators), with 10 primarily employed by an academic cancer center; 5 employed by the community cancer center; and 4 employed by the integrated health-system specialty pharmacy. Barriers identified included low awareness of adherence interventions, difficulty in adherence measurement, complexity of designing and implementing a structured adherence intervention, and competing priorities. Facilitators identified included support of hospital administrators, value for pharmacists, and willingness to embrace change. Participants also made recommendations moving forward including standardizing workflow, designating champions, iterating implementation strategies, and improving communication between clinicians and with patients. Conclusion Individual and system level factors were identified as determinants of implementation effectiveness of medication adherence interventions. A multidisciplinary advisory panel will be assembled to design comprehensive and actionable strategies to refine and implement a structured intervention to improve medication adherence in cancer patients

Limb proportions show developmental plasticity in response to embryo movement

Animals have evolved limb proportions adapted to different environments, but it is not yet clear to what extent these proportions are directly influenced by the environment during prenatal development. The developing skeleton experiences mechanical loading resulting from embryo movement. We tested the hypothesis that environmentally-induced changes in prenatal movement influence embryonic limb growth to alter proportions. We show that incubation temperature influences motility and limb bone growth in West African Dwarf crocodiles, producing altered limb proportions which may, influence post-hatching performance. Pharmacological immobilisation of embryonic chickens revealed that altered motility, independent of temperature, may underpin this growth regulation. Use of the chick also allowed us to merge histological, immunochemical and cell proliferation labelling studies to evaluate changes in growth plate organisation, and unbiased array profiling to identify specific cellular and transcriptional targets of embryo movement. This disclosed that movement alters limb proportions and regulates chondrocyte proliferation in only specific growth plates. This selective targeting is related to intrinsic mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway activity in individual growth plates. Our findings provide new insights into how environmental factors can be integrated to influence cellular activity in growing bones and ultimately gross limb morphology, to generate phenotypic variation during prenatal development

« Être invendu ou être un vendu », du chiffre à la valeur littéraire selon Éric Chevillard

Il existe aussi des écrivains qui sont devenus de grands écrivains, comme Kafka par exemple, à force de tuer le père. Ou des enfants qui n’ont pas besoin de tuer le père, puisqu’ils se croient nés avec des dons littéraires supérieurs à ceux du père. Ce sont des enfants qui obtiennent généralement le succès précoce escompté et ne se rendent pas compte que c’est là le pire des échecs dans un monde composé du début à la fin de femmes et d’hommes ratés. (Nuria Amat, Nous sommes tous Kafka) Introd..

Quand Patrimoine et haute-technologie se rencontrent…

New Optical technologies are more and more often used in methods of conservation and restoration of works of art. Investigation, broadcasting and accessibility to Cultural Heritage have now new systems to complete their missions. The following examples will try to illustrate potentialities of the devices developed by Deios. They are coming from real applications

Compte rendu de Jérôme Meizoz, Faire l’auteur en régime néo-libéral. Rudiments de marketing littéraire

Les modifications du système littéraire à l’époque contemporaine sont nombreuses : qu’elles tiennent à l’adoption de codes propres à des zones culturelles dits « de masse » (séries, films, jeux vidéo, etc.), à l’hypermédiatisation de certains écrivains, à la diminution de l’autonomie du secteur artistique à l’égard du marché économique et de la finance, ou au rôle joué par les nouvelles technologies, toutes sont liées, de près ou de loin, au tournant néolibéral de ce que Pierre Bourdieu appel..

Interferometric fringes projection system for 3D profilometry and relief investigation

peer reviewedWe present a new 3D full-frame profilometer based on structured laser light projection method. This device takes advantage of the polarization states splitting technique for producing and shifting multiple sinusoidal Young’s interference patterns that are projected on the inspected surface. The principle of the technique is presented and we discuss the advantages of monochromatic light projection method as a mean to overcome ambient lighting for in-situ measurement. Some results that we obtained on objects from the Egyptian Department of the British Museum are presented to demonstrate that 3D laser profilometry is a worthwhile technique for epigraphic investigations where naked-eye inspections fail.OSIRIS (Optical Systems for Interferometric Relief Investigation and Scanning