Лавинні процеси в Українських Карпатах = Avalanche process in Ukrainian Carpathians

Bilanyuk Volodymyr, Tikhanovich Ievhen. Лавинні процеси в Українських Карпатах = Avalanche process in Ukrainian Carpathians. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(7):96-104. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19307 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%287%29%3A96-104 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/578565 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19307 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive   Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 21.04.2015. Revised 28.05.2015. Accepted: 30.06.2015.   Лавинні процеси в Українських Карпатах Avalanche process in Ukrainian Carpathians   Volodymyr Bilanyuk, Ievhen Tikhanovich     Володимир Біланюк – кандидат географічних наук, доцент, декан географічного факультету Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка. Євген Тиханович – старший лаборант Розтоцького ландшафтно-геофізичного стаціонару Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка. Volodymyr Bilanyuk – candidate of geographical sciences, dean of the Faculty of Geography, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. Ievhen Tikhanovich – senior laboratory assistant of Roztochchya landscape-geophysical scientific full-time department, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv.   Ключові слова: лавина, сніг, Українські Карпати, сніголавинна станція, лавинні дослідження. Keywords: avalanche, snow, Ukrainian Carpathians, snow-avalanche station, avalanche research.   Анотація. У статті досліджено особливості лавинних процесів в Українських Карпатах. Охарактеризовано історію дослідження лавин і лавинних територій цієї гірської структури. Наведено основні завдання для дослідження лавинної активності. Висвітлено особливості сучасних досліджень лавинних процесів та описано діяльність українських сніголавинних станцій. Проаналізовано головні типи лавин, які характерні для досліджуваної територій. Описано лавинну активність території за різні часові періоди. Проаналізовано територіальне поширення лавин в Українських Карпатах, визначено умови їх сходження. На орогідрографічних схемах проілюстровано місця сходження лавин на досліджуваних територіях.   Abstract. In the articles are research peculiarities of avalanche process in Ukrainian Carpathians. The history of the avalanches and avalanche areas study of this mountain structure are characterized. Main basic avalanche activity research tasks are give an example. Depicted the peculiarities of avalanche processes current research and described the function of Ukrainian snow-avalanche stations. The main types of the avalanche, that are typical for research territory are analyzing. Depicted avalanche activity in Ukrainian Carpathians for the different time period. Analyzes territorial distribution of avalanches in the Ukrainian Carpathians and described the condition of their sliding. The avalanche slide pleases on research territory are illustration on orogidrographical model

Restriction of human polyomavirus BK virus DNA replication in murine cells and extracts

BK virus (BKV) causes persistent and asymptomatic infections in most humans and is the etiologic agent of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN) and other pathologies. Unfortunately, there are no animal models with which to study activation of BKV replication in the human kidney and the accompanying PVAN. Here we report studies of the restriction of BKV replication in murine cells and extracts and the cause(s) of this restriction. Upon infection of murine cells, BKV expressed large T antigen (TAg), but viral DNA replication and progeny were not detected. Transfection of murine cells with BKV TAg expression vectors also caused TAg expression without accompanying DNA replication. Analysis of the replication of DNAs containing chimeric BKV and murine polyomavirus origins revealed the importance of BKV core origin sequences and TAg for DNA replication. A sensitive assay was developed with purified BKV TAg that supported TAg-dependent BKV DNA replication with human but not with murine cell extracts. Addition of human replication proteins, DNA polymerase ¿-primase, replication protein A, or topoisomerase I to the murine extracts with BKV TAg did not rescue viral DNA replication. Notably, addition of murine extracts to human extracts inhibited BKV TAg-dependent DNA replication at a step prior to or during unwinding of the viral origin. These findings and differences in replication specificity between BKV TAg and the TAgs of simian virus 40 (SV40) and JC virus (JCV) and their respective origins implicate features of the BKV TAg and origin distinct from SV40 and JCV in restriction of BKV replication in murine cells

Numerical optimization of a plasma wakefield acceleration experiment

One possible way to demonstrate both the efficiency and beam quality in a plasma wakefield accelerator is to prepare matched drive and accelerated beams by removing a central slice from a single high-quality electron bunch (parent beam). For parameters of the parent beam given, the question arises how to maximize the number and energy of accelerated particles and minimize their energy spread and emittance. This question is addressed by numerical simulations. The optimum shape of the beams, required plasma length, achievable energy gain, and energy spread are found as functions of the plasma density and parent beam characteristics. The required control accuracy of adjustable beam and plasma parameters is determined

Host-specific replication of bk virus dna in mouse cell extracts is independently controlled by dna polymerase -primase and inhibitory activities

The activation of the human polyomavirus BK causes polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in immuno-compromised humans. Studies of the virus have been restricted since the virus DNA replication is species specific. Cell-based and cell-free DNA replication systems, including the BK virus (BKV) monopolymerase DNA replication system using purified proteins, reproduce the species specificity (28). Therefore, the major host proteins comprising this assay, DNA polymerase alpha-primase (Pol-prim) and replication protein A (RPA), were intensively studied here. We demonstrate that Pol-prim plays a major role in the species specificity of BKV DNA replication. Both large subunits p180 and p68 of the enzyme complex have central functions in modulating the host specificity. Recently, an inhibitory activity of BKV DNA replication was described (C. Mahon, B. Liang, I. Tikhanovich, J. R. Abend, M. J. Imperiale, H. P. Nasheuer, and W. R. Folk, J. Virol. 83:5708-5717, 2009), but neither mouse Pol-prim nor mouse RPA diminishes cell-free BKV DNA replication. However, the inhibition of BKV DNA replication in mouse extracts depends on sequences flanking the core origin. In the presence of human Pol-prim, the inhibitory effect of mouse cell factors is abolished with plasmid DNAs containing the murine polyomavirus early promoter region, whereas the late enhancer region and the core origin are supplied from BKV. Thus, BKV replication is regulated by both Pol-prim, as a core origin species-specific factor, and inhibitory activities, as origin-flanking sequence-dependent factor(s)

Host-Specific Replication of BK Virus DNA in Mouse Cell Extracts Is Independently Controlled by DNA Polymerase α-Primase and Inhibitory Activities▿

The activation of the human polyomavirus BK causes polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in immunocompromised humans. Studies of the virus have been restricted since the virus DNA replication is species specific. Cell-based and cell-free DNA replication systems, including the BK virus (BKV) monopolymerase DNA replication system using purified proteins, reproduce the species specificity (28). Therefore, the major host proteins comprising this assay, DNA polymerase α-primase (Pol-prim) and replication protein A (RPA), were intensively studied here. We demonstrate that Pol-prim plays a major role in the species specificity of BKV DNA replication. Both large subunits p180 and p68 of the enzyme complex have central functions in modulating the host specificity. Recently, an inhibitory activity of BKV DNA replication was described (C. Mahon, B. Liang, I. Tikhanovich, J. R. Abend, M. J. Imperiale, H. P. Nasheuer, and W. R. Folk, J. Virol. 83:5708-5717, 2009), but neither mouse Pol-prim nor mouse RPA diminishes cell-free BKV DNA replication. However, the inhibition of BKV DNA replication in mouse extracts depends on sequences flanking the core origin. In the presence of human Pol-prim, the inhibitory effect of mouse cell factors is abolished with plasmid DNAs containing the murine polyomavirus early promoter region, whereas the late enhancer region and the core origin are supplied from BKV. Thus, BKV replication is regulated by both Pol-prim, as a core origin species-specific factor, and inhibitory activities, as origin-flanking sequence-dependent factor(s)

On the Effectiveness of the Digital Legal Proceedings Model in Russia

Within the framework of this research, on the basis of the dialectical unity of its legal and mathematical components, on the basis of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction, abstraction, structural and functional method) and special research methods (formal-legal, method of legal construction, formal-logical, system, technical-legal analysis, statistical method, methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory, etc.), a model of digital legal proceedings in Russia is proposed. The article explains the optimal variant between the components of the digital legal proceedings model in Russia, as well as providing an analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the digital legal proceedings model and the prospects for the development of digital legal proceedings. It is concluded that there is a need to develop legal regulation in terms of introducing the definition of “electronic evidence”, types of electronic evidence; it is recognized as a positive practice of implementing a video-conferencing system that ensures the implementation of citizens’ rights to participate in a court session, which significantly reduces the time for case consideration; the need to create a single Internet portal for receiving, processing, and providing electronic documents by all authorities in Russia is explained. In this research, it is explained that the use of mathematical algorithms in evaluating evidence and modeling the behavior of participants in trials is now at an early stage of development, which allows them to be used only in the consideration of similar cases