459 research outputs found
Force distributions in a triangular lattice of rigid bars
We study the uniformly weighted ensemble of force balanced configurations on
a triangular network of nontensile contact forces. For periodic boundary
conditions corresponding to isotropic compressive stress, we find that the
probability distribution for single-contact forces decays faster than
exponentially. This super-exponential decay persists in lattices diluted to the
rigidity percolation threshold. On the other hand, for anisotropic imposed
stresses, a broader tail emerges in the force distribution, becoming a pure
exponential in the limit of infinite lattice size and infinitely strong
anisotropy.Comment: 11 pages, 17 figures Minor text revisions; added references and
acknowledgmen
Parity Effect and Charge Binding Transition in Submicron Josephson Junction Arrays
We reconsider the issue of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition
into an insulating state in the Coulomb-dominated Josephson junction arrays. We
show that previously predicted picture of the Cooper-pair BKT transtion at T =
T_2 is valid only under the condition that T_2 is considerably below the
parity-effect temperature (which is usually almost 10 times below the value of
superconductive transition temperature), and even in this case it is not a
rigorous phase transition but only a crossover, whereas the real phase
transition takes place at T_1 = T_2/4. Our theory is in agreement with
available experimental data on Coulomb-dominated Josephson arrays and also
sheds some light on the origin of unusual reentrant temperature dependence of
resistivity in the array with nearly-criticial ratio of Coulomb to Josephson
energies.Comment: 4 pages, Revtex, to be published in JETP Letters, April 9
Thermopower of a 2D electron gas in suspended AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures
We present thermopower measurements on a high electron mobility
two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a thin suspended membrane.We show that
the small dimension of the membrane substantially reduces the thermal
conductivity compared to bulk material so that it is possible to establish a
strong thermal gradient along the 2DEG even at a distance of few micrometers.
We find that the zero-field thermopower is significantly affected by the micro
patterning. In contrast to 2DEGs incorporated in a bulk material, the diffusion
contribution to the thermopower stays dominant up to a temperature of 7 K until
the phonon-drag becomes strong and governs the run of the thermopower. We also
find that the coupling between electrons and phonons in the phonon-drag regime
is due to screened deformation potentials, in contrast to piezoelectric
coupling found with bulk phonons.Comment: 7 page
Scaling Analysis of Magnetic Filed Tuned Phase Transitions in One-Dimensional Josephson Junction Arrays
We have studied experimentally the magnetic field-induced
superconductor-insulator quantum phase transition in one-dimensional arrays of
small Josephson junctions. The zero bias resistance was found to display a
drastic change upon application of a small magnetic field; this result was
analyzed in context of the superfluid-insulator transition in one dimension. A
scaling analysis suggests a power law dependence of the correlation length
instead of an exponential one. The dynamical exponents were determined to
be close to 1, and the correlation length critical exponents were also found to
be about 0.3 and 0.6 in the two groups of measured samples.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Recommended from our members
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Synergy between Ion Bernstein and Lower Hybrid Waves in PBX-M
The synergistic behavior of lower hybrid and ion Bernstein waves on the Princeton Beta Experiment-Modified tokamak [Phys. Fluids B 2, 1271 (1990)] is experimentally studied using a 2-D hard X-ray camera. The hard X-ray bremsstrahlung emission from suprathermal electrons, generated with lower hybrid current drive, is enhanced during ion Bernstein wave power injection. This enhancement is observed in limited regions of space suggesting the formation of localized current channels. The effects on plasma electrons during combined application of these two types of waves are theoretically investigated using a quasilinear model. The numerical code simultaneously solves the 3-D (R, Z, {Phi}) toroidal wave equation for the electric field (in the WKBJ approximation) and the Fokker-Planck equation for the distribution function in two dimensions (v{sub parallel}, v{sub perpendicular}) with an added quasilinear diffusion coefficient. The radial profile of the non-inductively generated current density, the transmitted power traces and the total power damping curve are calculated. The beneficial effects of a combined utilization of ion Bernstein and lower hybrid waves on the current drive are emphasized. The numerical results are compared with the experimental observations
Quantum interference and Coulomb interaction in arrays of tunnel junctions
We study the electronic properties of an array of small metallic grains
connected by tunnel junctions. Such an array serves as a model for a granular
metal. Previous theoretical studies of junction arrays were based on models of
quantum dissipation which did not take into account the diffusive motion of
electrons within the grains. We demonstrate that these models break down at
sufficiently low temperatures: for a correct description of the screening
properties of a granular metal at low energies the diffusive nature of the
electronic motion within the grains is crucial. We present both a diagrammatic
and a functional integral approach to analyse the properties of junction
arrays. In particular, a new effective action is obtained which enables us to
describe the array at arbitrary temperature. In the low temperature limit, our
theory yields the correct, dynamically screened Coulomb interaction of a normal
metal, whereas at high temperatures the standard description in terms of
quantum dissipation is recovered.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Future aspects of renal transplantation
New and exciting advances in renal transplantation are continuously being made, and the horizons for organ transplantation are bright and open. This article reviews only a few of the newer advances that will allow renal transplantation to become even more widespread and successful. The important and exciting implications for extrarenal organ transplantation are immediately evident. © 1988 Springer-Verlag
Fast Algorithms For Josephson Junction Arrays : Bus--bars and Defects
We critically review the fast algorithms for the numerical study of
two--dimensional Josephson junction arrays and develop the analogy of such
systems with electrostatics. We extend these procedures to arrays with
bus--bars and defects in the form of missing bonds. The role of boundaries and
of the guage choice in determing the Green's function of the system is
clarified. The extension of the Green's function approach to other situations
is also discussed.Comment: Uuencoded 1 Revtex file (11 Pages), 3 Figures : Postscript Uuencode
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