534 research outputs found
Breaking the challenge of signal integrity using time-domain spoof surface plasmon polaritons
In modern integrated circuits and wireless communication systems/devices,
three key features need to be solved simultaneously to reach higher performance
and more compact size: signal integrity, interference suppression, and
miniaturization. However, the above-mentioned requests are almost contradictory
using the traditional techniques. To overcome this challenge, here we propose
time-domain spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) as the carrier of signals.
By designing a special plasmonic waveguide constructed by printing two narrow
corrugated metallic strips on the top and bottom surfaces of a dielectric
substrate with mirror symmetry, we show that spoof SPPs are supported from very
low frequency to the cutoff frequency with strong subwavelength effects, which
can be converted to the time-domain SPPs. When two such plasmonic waveguides
are tightly packed with deep-subwavelength separation, which commonly happens
in the integrated circuits and wireless communications due to limited space, we
demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that SPP signals on such two
plasmonic waveguides have better propagation performance and much less mutual
coupling than the conventional signals on two traditional microstrip lines with
the same size and separation. Hence the proposed method can achieve significant
interference suppression in very compact space, providing a potential solution
to break the challenge of signal integrity
Negative reflections of electromagnetic waves in chiral media
We investigate the reflection properties of electromagnetic/optical waves in
isotropic chiral media. When the chiral parameter is strong enough, we show
that an unusual \emph{negative reflection} occurs at the interface of the
chiral medium and a perfectly conducting plane, where the incident wave and one
of reflected eigenwaves lie in the same side of the boundary normal. Using such
a property, we further demonstrate that such a conducting plane can be used for
focusing in the strong chiral medium. The related equations under paraxial
optics approximation are deduced. In a special case of chiral medium, the
chiral nihility, one of the bi-reflections disappears and only single reflected
eigenwave exists, which goes exactly opposite to the incident wave. Hence the
incident and reflected electric fields will cancel each other to yield a zero
total electric field. In another word, any electromagnetic waves entering the
chiral nihility with perfectly conducting plane will disappear.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Quasi-Perron-Frobenius property of a class of saddle point matrices
The saddle point matrices arising from many scientific computing fields have
block structure , where the sub-block is symmetric and positive definite, and
is symmetric and semi-nonnegative definite. In this article we report a
unobtrusive but potentially theoretically valuable conclusion that under some
conditions, especially when is a zero matrix, the spectral radius of
must be the maximum eigenvalue of . This characterization approximates to
the famous Perron-Frobenius property, and is called quasi-Perron-Frobenius
property in this paper. In numerical tests we observe the saddle point matrices
derived from some mixed finite element methods for computing the stationary
Stokes equation. The numerical results confirm the theoretical analysis, and
also indicate that the assumed condition to make the saddle point matrices
possess quasi-Perron-Frobenius property is only sufficient rather than
necessary
Evaluation of POSSUM scoring system in the treatment of osteoporotic fracture of the hip in elder patients
ObjectiveTo evaluate the applicability of the modified physiological and operative severity score for enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) scoring system in predicting mortality in the patients undergoing hip joint arthroplasty.MethodsA total of 295 patients with hip fractures were analyzed using the modified POSSUM surgical scoring system. The mean ages of the patients were 66.59 years in the complicative group, 62.28 years in noncomplicative group, 77.89 years in the death group and 63.25 years in the living group, respectively. The comparisons between the observed and predicted morbidity, between the observed and predicted mortality were made within 30 days after operation.ResultsThe average physiological scores and operative severity scores was 18.96 ± 4.83 and 13.47 ± 2.01 in complicative group, while 15.65 ± 3.66 and 11.74 ± 2.26 in noncomplicative group (P<0.05). The average physiological scores and operative severity scores was 25.56 ± 3.78 and 14.22 ± 0.67 in death group, while 16.46 ± 4.09 and 12.25 ± 2.33 in living group (P<0.05). Though POSSUM scoring system over-predicted the overall risk of death, its estimate was very close in the high risk groups (>10%). There was perfect consistence between the observed and the predicted morbidity as calculated by published predictor equation for morbidity, and consistence for mortality in the high risk band.ConclusionsModified POSSUM scoring system may be used to predict the morbidity in patients with hip fracture. Furthermore, POSSUM scoring system overpredicts the overall risk of death, but its estimate is close to the actual data in the high risk band (>10%)
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