16 research outputs found
Tumor-associated transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10 contribute to a systemic Th2 immune phenotype in pancreatic carcinoma patients
Validity of a repeated-sprint test for football
Three studies involving 108 football players were
conducted to examine the reliability of a repeated-
shuttle-sprint ability (RSSA) test and its
ability to differentiate between players of various
competitive levels and playing positions. Study
1: Short-term reliability was determined in 22
professional players completing the RSSA test
(6 × 40-m sprints with 20 s of recovery between
sprints) on two separate occasions. Study 2:
Long-term reliability (seasonal changes) was examined
in 31 professional players completing the
RSSA test four times (during the preseason period,
at the start, middle and end of the competitive
season). Study 3: 108 players were divided
and compared according to competitive level or
playing position. Standard error of measurement
values expressed as coefficient of variation for
RSSA mean time and best time were 0.8 and
1.3% (short-term reliability) and 0.9 and 1.2%
(long-term reliability), respectively. The smallest
worthwhile changes were 0.5% for both mean
and best time. Professional players showed better
RSSA performance than amateur players, and
defenders displayed the lowest RSSA performance.
In conclusion, the RSSA test showed adequate
construct validity but only RSSA mean
time showed sufficient reliability to detect large
training-induced changes but not small important
differences