Transurethral resection of bladder tumor-based bladder preservation therapy for refractory high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Current landscape and future directions

Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of urinary system worldwide. Approximately 75% of patients with bladder cancer present with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which is effectively managed with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). For refractory high risk NMIBC, patients are typically treated by radical cystectomy (RC). TURBT deserves further evaluation. Growing evidence suggests that repeated TURBT-based bladder-sparing approaches may improve oncological outcomes and quality of life in highly selected patients. Novel imaging techniques and biomarkers may aid in patients selection and postoperative surveillance. With growing interest in adding immunotherapy to refractory bladder cancer, TURBT based approaches enable the bladder preservation therapy for high risk NMIBC. Here we summarize the current landscape, biomarkers for surveillance, and future directions for applying TURBT-based bladder preservation therapy

A Methodology of Multi-objective Dynamic Liquid Level Measurement Based on Wireless Transmission Technology

A novel real-time distribute dynamic liquid measurement system is proposed with the method based on ideal gas state equation and wireless transmission technology. For the designed system, the constitution and working process, the sensitivity and stability, the error analysis of multi-objective synchronous acquisition, as well as improvement possibility are all discussed in detail. Critical parameters representing dynamic liquid volumes in distribute closed multi-objectives could be collected over some distance and resolved in the center of the system in real-time. The results show that the total accuracy of the designed system could be better than 2% within usable measurement range, if some key detectors were carefully selected