The out-strength and in-strength of FVA networks (1995–2011).

<p>The out-strength and in-strength of FVA networks (1995–2011).</p

The out-strength and in-strength of GVC networks (2011).

<p>The out-strength and in-strength of GVC networks (2011).</p

The evolution of FVA network (top 1).

<p>The evolution of FVA network (top 1).</p

The evolution of PDC network (top 1).

<p>The evolution of PDC network (top 1).</p

The connections of DVA, RDV, FVA, and PDC networks (2011).

<p>Notes: Colors scale (changing from blue to red) represents growing value-added of DVA, RDV, FVA, and PDC. The horizontal axis represents sender of value-added flows, and the vertical axis represents receiver of value-added flows.</p

The QAP correlation coefficient matrix of DVA, RDV, FVA, and PDC networks in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2011.

<p>The QAP correlation coefficient matrix of DVA, RDV, FVA, and PDC networks in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2011.</p

The modularity of DVA, RDV, FVA, and PDC networks (2011).

<p>The modularity of DVA, RDV, FVA, and PDC networks (2011).</p

Complex Network Analysis for Characterizing Global Value Chains in Equipment Manufacturing

<div><p>The rise of global value chains (GVCs) characterized by the so-called “outsourcing”, “fragmentation production”, and “trade in tasks” has been considered one of the most important phenomena for the 21st century trade. GVCs also can play a decisive role in trade policy making. However, due to the increasing complexity and sophistication of international production networks, especially in the equipment manufacturing industry, conventional trade statistics and the corresponding trade indicators may give us a distorted picture of trade. This paper applies various network analysis tools to the new GVC accounting system proposed by Koopman et al. (2014) and Wang et al. (2013) in which gross exports can be decomposed into value-added terms through various routes along GVCs. This helps to divide the equipment manufacturing-related GVCs into some sub-networks with clear visualization. The empirical results of this paper significantly improve our understanding of the topology of equipment manufacturing-related GVCs as well as the interdependency of countries in these GVCs that is generally invisible from the traditional trade statistics.</p></div

The evolution of RDV network (top 1).

<p>The evolution of RDV network (top 1).</p

The ratio of value-added flow to the inside of the communities and the top 1 network out-degrees of major countries.

<p>The ratio of value-added flow to the inside of the communities and the top 1 network out-degrees of major countries.</p