Meta-analysis of change in HbA1C (%) in included trials using random effects model.

<p>Meta-analysis of change in HbA1C (%) in included trials using random effects model.</p

Comparison of GLP-1 Analogues versus Sitagliptin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Head-to-Head Studies

<div><p>Background</p><p>Incretin–based therapies which include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are recommended by several practice guidelines as second-line agents for add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who do not achieve glycemic control with metformin plus lifestyle interventions alone. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis of existing head to head studies to compare the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 analogues with DPP-4 inhibitors.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head studies to compare GLP-1 analogues with DPP-4 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes. A random effects model was selected to perform the meta-analyses, results were expressed as weighted mean differences for continuous outcomes and relative risks for dichotomous outcomes, both with 95% confidence intervals, and with I² values and P values as markers of heterogeneity.</p><p>Results</p><p>Four head-to-head randomized controlled studies with 1755 patients were included. Compared to sitagliptin, GLP-1 analogues are more effective in reducing HbA1C (weight mean difference −0.41%, 95% CI −0.51 to −0.31) and body weight (weight mean difference −1.55 kg, 95% CI −1.98 to −1.12). Conversely, GLP-1 analogues are associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events compared to sitagliptin: nausea (relative risk 3.14, 95% CI 2.15 to 4.59), vomiting (relative risk 2.60, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.56), diarrhea (relative risk 1.82, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.69), and constipation (relative risk 2.50, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.70).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The result of this meta-analysis demonstrates that compared to sitagliptin, GLP-1 analogues are more effective for glycemic control and weight loss, but have similar efficacy in reducing blood pressure and lipid parameters, however, GLP-1 analogues are associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events and a similar incidence of hypoglycemia compared to sitagliptin.</p></div

Article selection diagram for meta-analysis.

<p>Article selection diagram for meta-analysis.</p

Meta-analysis of change in body weight (kg) of included trials using random effects model.

<p>Meta-analysis of change in body weight (kg) of included trials using random effects model.</p

Meta-analysis of change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (mmol/L) in included trials using random effects model.

<p>Meta-analysis of change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (mmol/L) in included trials using random effects model.</p

Summary of Meta-analyses of Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes treated With GLP-1 analogues vs Sitagliptin.

<p>N/A, not applicable; CI, confidence interval.</p

Risk of bias summary.

<p>+, Low risk of bias; − high risk of bias; ?, unknown risk of bias. Risk of bias assessment for random sequence generation and allocation concealment is performed at the study level. Risk of bias assessment for blinding of participants and personnel, incomplete outcome data, selective reporting, and overall risk of bias are for the primary outcome (change in HbA1c).</p

Summary of meta-analyses of adverse events in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with GLP-1 analogues vs Sitagliptin.

<p>N/A, not applicable; CI, confidence interval.</p

Comparative Efficacy of Bisphosphonates to Prevent Fracture in Men with Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analyses

<p><b>Article full text</b></p> <p><br></p> <p>The full text of this article can be found here<b>. </b><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40744-016-0030-6">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40744-016-0030-6</a></p><p></p> <p><br></p> <p><b>Provide enhanced content for this article</b></p> <p><br></p> <p>If you are an author of this publication and would like to provide additional enhanced content for your article then please contact <a href="http://www.medengine.com/Redeem/”mailto:[email protected]”"><b>[email protected]</b></a>.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The journal offers a range of additional features designed to increase visibility and readership. All features will be thoroughly peer reviewed to ensure the content is of the highest scientific standard and all features are marked as ‘peer reviewed’ to ensure readers are aware that the content has been reviewed to the same level as the articles they are being presented alongside. Moreover, all sponsorship and disclosure information is included to provide complete transparency and adherence to good publication practices. This ensures that however the content is reached the reader has a full understanding of its origin. No fees are charged for hosting additional open access content.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Other enhanced features include, but are not limited to:</p> <p><br></p> <p>• Slide decks</p> <p>• Videos and animations</p> <p>• Audio abstracts</p> <p>• Audio slides</p

Silica increased the Egr-1 DNA binding activity in A549 cells.

<p>The binding activity of Egr-1 in A549 cells after exposure to silica was determined by EMSA experiments, and the binding activity of Egr-1 peaked after 60-minute exposure. The binding activity of Egr-1 to specific oligonucleotides probe increased from 30-minute treatment and peaked for 60-minute exposure, then decreased. And as shown in 3B: the promoter activity increased from 30-min incubation with silica and peaked at 60-min, recovered to the level of resting control till 480-min incubation. Significant differences in binding activity and luciferase activity are noted at P<0.01(**).</p