Panoramic video quality assessment based on non-local spherical CNN

© 1999-2012 IEEE. Panoramic video and stereoscopic panoramic video are essential carriers of virtual reality content, so it is very crucial to establish their quality assessment models for the standardization of virtual reality industry. However, it is very challenging to evaluate the quality of the panoramic video at present. One reason is that the spatial information of the panoramic video is warped due to the projection process, and the conventional video quality assessment (VQA) method is difficult to deal with this problem. Another reason is that the traditional VQA method is problematic to capture the complex global time information in the panoramic video. In response to the above questions, this paper presents an end-to-end neural network model to evaluate the quality of panoramic video and stereoscopic panoramic video. Compared to other panoramic video quality assessment methods, our proposed method combines spherical convolutional neural networks (CNN) and non-local neural networks, which can effectively extract complex spatiotemporal information of the panoramic video. We evaluate the method in two databases, VRQ-TJU and VR-VQA48. Experiments show the effectiveness of different modules in our method, and our method outperforms state-of-the-art other related methods

Similarity of Center of Pressure Progression during Walking and Jogging of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Patients

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To evaluate the center of pressure (COP) progression similarity and its change during walking and jogging in Anterior Cruciate Ligament deficient (ACLD) patients.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A study was performed in 64 unilateral ACLD subjects and 32 healthy volunteers who walked and jogged on footscan® system at a self-selected speed. COP trajectory during walking and jogging was calculated. The robustness and similarity scores of COP (SSCOP, similarity scores with respect to corresponding COP trajectories) were computed, and then the Analysis of Variance test was employed to compare among different conditions (left or right side, within a subject or between subjects, walking or jogging).</p><p>Results</p><p>(1) During the same motion status (walking or jogging), SSCOP were higher than 0.885. However, SSCOP between walking and jogging were lower than 0.25 in both the healthy and ACLD group. SSCOP between the intrasubjects were statistically higher than those between the intersubjects (p<0.01). (2) SSCOP in the ACLD group were statistically significantly reduced to 0.885±0.074 compared to 0.912±0.057 in healthy volunteers during walking, and 0.903±0.066 in the ACLD group compared to 0.919±0.050 in the healthy group during jogging (p<0.01).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>SSCOP can distinguish walking from jogging, and SSCOP of ACLD patients would be different from that of healthy controls.</p><p>The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Research Board of Peking University Third Hospital (IRB00006761-2012010).</p></div

Comparison on the differences of human COP movements between intrasubject and intersubject.

<p>(a)For healthy volunteers; (b) For ACL-ruptured patients.</p

Similarity of Center of Pressure Progression during Walking and Jogging of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Patients - Fig 1

<p>(a, left) COP trajectory of a right foot during walking (b, right) different COP trajectories normalized in unit scale of a right foot during walking.</p

Re-exhibition the influences derived from ACL deficiency comparing with healthy volunteers under totally 11 conditions.

<p>Re-exhibition the influences derived from ACL deficiency comparing with healthy volunteers under totally 11 conditions.</p

Investigation on human COP movements under the influences derived from motion pattern (walking and jogging).

<p>Investigation on human COP movements under the influences derived from motion pattern (walking and jogging).</p

Illustration on the influences derived from ACL deficiency by comparing with the COP movements of healthy volunteers.

<p>Illustration on the influences derived from ACL deficiency by comparing with the COP movements of healthy volunteers.</p

The primer sequences used for qRT-PCR analyses.

<p>The primer sequences used for qRT-PCR analyses.</p

Assessment of drug cytotoxicity on agarose scaffolds with micro-wells.

<p>Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 6). (A) Cytotoxicity testing of doxorubicin against MCF-7 cells in 3-D and 2-D cell culture models. (B) Size-dependent drug responses in 3-D cell culture models.</p

Penetration of DOX in MCF-7 spheroids.

<p>(A) Cross-sections at the middle of the spheroids were analyzed. (B) LSCM representative images of spheroid cross-sections, with different sizes, incubated with DOX for 0.5 h, 2 h, and 4 h. Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) Penetration area of DOX where the drug signals were detectable and normalized by area.</p