The role of immunometabolism in macrophage polarization and its impact on acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome

Lung macrophages constitute the first line of defense against airborne particles and microbes and are key to maintaining pulmonary immune homeostasis. There is increasing evidence suggesting that macrophages also participate in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including the modulation of inflammatory responses and the repair of damaged lung tissues. The diversity of their functions may be attributed to their polarized states. Classically activated or inflammatory (M1) macrophages and alternatively activated or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages are the two main polarized macrophage phenotypes. The precise regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization is a complex process that is not completely understood. A growing body of literature on immunometabolism has demonstrated the essential role of immunometabolism and its metabolic intermediates in macrophage polarization. In this review, we summarize macrophage polarization phenotypes, the role of immunometabolism, and its metabolic intermediates in macrophage polarization and ALI/ARDS, which may represent a new target and therapeutic direction

Highly efficient and enantioselective hydrogenation of quinolines and pyridines with Ir-Difluorphos catalyst

The combination of the readily available chiral bisphosphine ligand Difluorphos with [Ir(COD)Cl] 2 in THF resulted in a highly efficient catalyst system for asymmetric hydrogenation of quinolines at quite low catalyst loadings (0.05-0.002 mol%), affording the corresponding products with high enantioselectivities (up to 96%), excellent catalytic activities (TOF up to 3510 h -1 ) and productivities (TON up to 43000). The same catalyst was also successfully applied to the asymmetric hydrogenation of trisubstituted pyridines with nearly quantitative yields and up to 98% ee. In these two reactions, the addition of I 2 additive is indispensable; but the amount of I 2 has a different effect on catalytic performance

Differences in soil physicochemical properties and rhizosphere microbial communities of flue-cured tobacco at different transplantation stages and locations

Rhizosphere microbiota play an important role in regulating soil physical and chemical properties and improving crop production performance. This study analyzed the relationship between the diversity of rhizosphere microbiota and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco at different transplant times (D30 group, D60 group and D90 group) and in different regions [Linxiang Boshang (BS) and Linxiang ZhangDuo (ZD)] by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that there were significant differences in the physicochemical properties and rhizosphere microbiota of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil at different transplanting times, and that the relative abundance of Bacillus in the rhizosphere microbiota of the D60 group was significantly increased. RDA and Pearson correlation analysis showed that Bacillus, Streptomyces and Sphingomonas were significantly correlated with soil physical and chemical properties. PIGRUSt2 function prediction results showed that compared with the D30 group, the D60 group had significantly increased metabolic pathways such as the superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage, allantoin degradation to glyoxylate III and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis III metabolic pathways. The D90 group had significantly increased metabolic pathways such as ubiquitol-8 biosynthesis (prokaryotic), ubiquitol-7 biosynthesis (prokaryotic) and ubiquitol-10 biosynthesis (prokaryotic) compared with the D60 group. In addition, the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in the BS region were significantly higher than those in the ZD region, and the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacillus in the rhizosphere microbiota of flue-cured tobacco in the BS region at the D60 transplant stage was significantly higher than that in the ZD region. In addition, the results of the hierarchical sample metabolic pathway abundance map showed that the PWY-6572 metabolic pathway was mainly realized by Paenibacillus, and that the relative abundance of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere microbiota (Paenibacillus) participating in PWY-6572 in the D60 transplant period in the BS region was significantly higher than that in the ZD region. In conclusion, different transplanting periods of flue-cured tobacco have important effects on soil physical and chemical properties and rhizosphere microbial communities. There were significant differences in the rhizosphere microbiota and function of flue-cured tobacco in different regions, which may affect the performance and quality of this type of tobacco

Corrigendum to “Optimization and Corroboration of the Regulatory Pathway of p42.3 Protein in the Pathogenesis of Gastric Carcinoma”

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In the article “Optimization and Corroboration of the Regu-latory Pathway of p42.3 Protein in the Pathogenesis of Gastric Carcinoma ” [1], there was an error in the author information. The affiliations for the authors were incorrectly listed. The correct author line and affiliations are shown above. References [1] Y. Hao, T. Fan, and K. Nan, “Optimization and corroboration of the regulatory pathway of p42.3 protein in the pathogenesis o

Optimization and Corroboration of the Regulatory Pathway of p42.3 Protein in the Pathogenesis of Gastric Carcinoma

Aims. To optimize and verify the regulatory pathway of p42.3 in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma (GC) by intelligent algorithm. Methods. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the features of structural domain in p42.3 protein. Proteins with the same domains and similar functions to p42.3 were screened out for reference. The possible regulatory pathway of p42.3 was established by integrating the acting pathways of these proteins. Then, the similarity between the reference proteins and p42.3 protein was figured out by multiparameter weighted summation method. The calculation result was taken as the prior probability of the initial node in Bayesian network. Besides, the probability of occurrence in different pathways was calculated by conditional probability formula, and the one with the maximum probability was regarded as the most possible pathway of p42.3. Finally, molecular biological experiments were conducted to prove it. Results. In Bayesian network of p42.3, probability of the acting pathway “S100A11→RAGE→P38→MAPK→Microtubule-associated protein→Spindle protein→Centromere protein→Cell proliferation” was the biggest, and it was also validated by biological experiments. Conclusions. The possibly important role of p42.3 in the occurrence of gastric carcinoma was verified by theoretical analysis and preliminary test, helping in studying the relationship between p42.3 and gastric carcinoma