Quasi-period outflows observed by the X-Ray Telescope onboard Hinode in the boundary of an active region

Persistent outflows have recently been detected at boundaries of some active regions. Although these outflows are suggested to be possible sources of the slow solar wind, the nature of these outflows is poorly understood. Through an analysis of an image sequence obtained by the X-Ray Telescope onboard the Hinode spacecraft, we found that quasi-period outflows are present in the boundary of an active region. The flows are observed to occur intermittently, often with a period of 5-10 minutes. The projected flow speed can reach more than 200 km/s, while its distribution peaks around 50 km/s. This sporadic high-speed outflow may play an important role in the mass loading process of the slow solar wind. Our results may imply that the outflow of the slow solar wind in the boundary of the active region is intermittent and quasi-periodic in nature.Comment: 5 figures, accepted by RA

Haptoglobin after subarachnoid haemorrhade: individual patient level data (ipld)meta-analysis

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating subtype of stroke with high mortality and morbidity. aSAH has approximate incidence of 9 cases per 100,000 person-years, and approximately 1 in 6 patients die during the initial hemorrhage. Further, secondary injuries, including cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral infarct, are quite common after aSAH contributing to the overall mortality rate of nearly 50%. The goal of this study is to gain a better understanding of association between aSAH and Haptoglobin genotype (Hp) by conducting IPLD meta-analysis. Data including 960 subjects from 11 studies were recruited from all published studies identified by Pubmed and Web of Science searches, including reference lists within publication, and unpublished studies identified via HATCH (Haemoglobin After in TraCranial Haemorrhage) consortium and the networks of individual consortium members by the 31st March 2016. Given the individual patient level data available, both two-stage and one-stage meta-analysis were conducted. For two-stage meta-analysis, the primary outcomes were dichotomized as unfavorable and favorable outcome, and all secondary outcomes were binary outcomes. Logistic regression models were used in the first stage of two-stage meta-analysis to assess the association between Hp and aSAH recovery in each study. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) with exchangeable correlation were used to fit logistic regression model to estimate the association between Hp and primary outcomes accounting for the correlations between repeated measurements over 1, 3, and 6 months for each study in the first stage. Logistic regression models were fit via maximum likelihood to assess the association in each study. In second stage, meta-analysis via random-effect models was conducted to obtain pooled odds ratio. Q tests and I2 were used to test heterogeneity, and to measure possible inconsistency. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and using the Egger method. In one-stage analyses, mixed effects logistic regression was used to generate overall odds ratios using all individual level data from different studies simultaneously within one model. Both two-stage and one-stage meta-analyses indicated there was no significant association between Hp and aSAH. Although Q tests showed there was no heterogeneity, I2 in some studies were large, which indicated that the majority of the variability across studies were due to heterogeneity instead of chance. In the test of publication bias, both funnel plot and Egger test indicated there was no publication bias issue. Public Health Significance: There were inconsistent findings from the literature regarding the association between Hp and outcome of aSAH. The work here investigates the relationship between haptoglobin genotype and outcomes after aSAH using meta-analysis based on current literature reports. While our findings were negative, there are a small number of studies with fairly small simple sizes, so results may still inform efforts at effective personalized preventive care and disease treatments with better specificity, targeted to the genetic makeup of each patient