Ethyl 2-(3,3-dibutyl­thio­ureido)-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro­benzo[b]thio­phene-3-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C20H32N2O2S2, the cyclo­hexene ring is disordered over two half-boat conformations with occupancy factors of 0.71:0.29. One n-butyl chain is also disordered over two positions with occupancy factors of 0.83:0.17. The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond

3-Isopropyl-2-(4-methoxy­phen­oxy)-1-benzo­furo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

In the title compound, C20H18N2O4, all non-H atoms of the three fused rings of the benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine system are almost coplanar (r.m.s. deviation 0.021 Å). The dihedral angle between the fused ring system and the benzene ring is 1.47 (12)°. Intra­molecular and inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds together with weak C—H⋯π inter­actions stabilize the structure

1-{1-[(2-Chloro­thia­zol-5-yl)meth­yl]-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl}ethanone

In the title compound, C9H9ClN4OS, the two rings enclose a dihedral angle of 84.67 (11)°. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds stabilize the crystal packing

Current perspectives on genotype classification and individualized drug targeting in triple-negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a special subset of breast cancer, refers to negative expressions of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2). It is associated with extreme local recurrence and distant metastasis with highly invasive character. With advances in genomics, the bases of molecular classification of TNBC now include the heterogeneity of its expression at the molecular level and clinical pathology, apart from classical immunohistochemistry. Every subtype of TNBC has different individualized target drugs, which include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, poly-AD-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, anthracycline or paclitaxel, immunotherapy and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor. Combinations of target drugs are also used. Thus, there are no widely recognized standards of genotype classification and individualized drug targeting in TNBC. In this review, relevant studies and latest developments on TNBC are presented.Keywords: Triple-negative breast cancer, Genotype classification, Individualized drug targeting, Breast cance

Experimental Study on the Feasibility of Using Water Glass and Aluminum Sulfate to Treat Complications in High Liquid Limit Soil Subgrade

The feasibility of using water glass and aluminum sulfate to treat high liquid limit soil subgrade diseases is studied through laboratory experiments, and the following results were observed. After improving the high liquid limit clay with water glass and aluminum sulfate, the liquid limit decreases, the plastic limit increases, and the plasticity index decreases. Compared with untreated soil, the clay content of the improved soil decreases, while the silt and coarse contents increase. The absolute and relative expansion rates of the improved soil are both lower than those of the untreated soil. With the same number of dry and wet cycles, the decreased degrees of cohesion and internal friction angle of the improved soil are, respectively, one-half and one-third of those of the untreated soil. After three dry and wet cycles, the California bearing ratio (CBR) of the untreated soil does not meet the requirements of specifications. However, after being cured for seven days and being subjected to three dry and wet cycles, the CBR of the improved soil, with 4% water glass solution and 0.4% aluminum sulfate, meets the requirements of specifications

Strict ergodicity of affine p-adic dynamical systems on Zp

AbstractLet p⩾2 be a prime number and let Zp be the ring of all p-adic integers. For all α,β,z∈Zp, define Tα,β(z)=αz+β. It is shown that the dynamical system (Zp,Tα,β) is minimal if and only if α∈1+prpZp and β is a unit, here rp=1 (respectively rp=2) if p⩾3 (respectively if p=2), and that when it is minimal, it is strictly ergodic and topologically conjugate to (Zp,T1,1) with an analytic and isometric conjugacy. More importantly, when the system is not minimal, we find all its strictly ergodic components. As application, monomial systems Sn,ρ(z)=ρzn on the group 1+pZp are also discussed

Ethyl 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmeth­yl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C12H13ClN4O2, the triazole ring carries methyl and ethoxy­carbonyl groups, and is bound via a methyl­ene bridge to a chloro­pyridine unit. There is evidence for significant electron delocalization in the triazolyl system. Intra­molecular C—H⋯O and inter­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds stabilize the structure

Simvastatin reduces atherogenesis and promotes the expression of hepatic genes associated with reverse cholesterol transport in apoE-knockout mice fed high-fat diet

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Statins are first-line pharmacotherapeutic agents for hypercholesterolemia treatment in humans. However the effects of statins on atherosclerosis in mouse models are very paradoxical. In this work, we wanted to evaluate the effects of simvastatin on serum cholesterol, atherogenesis, and the expression of several factors playing important roles in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in apoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The atherosclerotic lesion formation displayed by oil red O staining positive area was reduced significantly by 35% or 47% in either aortic root section or aortic arch en face in simvastatin administrated apoE-/- mice compared to the control. Plasma analysis by enzymatic method or ELISA showed that high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) contents were remarkably increased by treatment with simvastatin. And plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was markedly increased by simvastatin treatment. Real-time PCR detection disclosed that the expression of several transporters involved in reverse cholesterol transport, including macrophage scavenger receptor class B type I, hepatic ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCG5, and ABCB4 were induced by simvastatin treatment, the expression of hepatic ABCA1 and apoA-I, which play roles in the maturation of HDL-C, were also elevated in simvastatin treated groups.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We demonstrated the anti-atherogenesis effects of simvastatin in apoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. We confirmed here for the first time simvastatin increased the expression of hepatic ABCB4 and ABCG5, which involved in secretion of cholesterol and bile acids into the bile, besides upregulated ABCA1 and apoA-I. The elevated HDL-C level, increased LCAT activity and the stimulation of several transporters involved in RCT may all contribute to the anti-atherosclerotic effect of simvastatin.</p