Special issue on “Energy, Economy and Environment for Industrial Production Processes”

Facing significant natural resource consumption, environmental degradation, and climate warming, governments and international organizations have increased their focus on ecological modernization, green growth, and low carbon development, with various sustainable development strategies [...](undefined

Isospin dependence of projectile-like fragment production at intermediate energies

The cross sections of fragments produced in 140 $A$ MeV $^{40,48}$Ca + $^9$Be and $^{58,64}$Ni + $^9$Be reactions are calculated by the statistical abration-ablation(SAA) model and compared to the experimental results measured at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University. The fragment isotopic and isotonic cross section distributions of $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca, $^{58}$Ni and $^{64}$Ni, $^{40}$Ca and $^{58}$Ni, and $^{48}$Ca and $^{64}$Ni are compared and the isospin dependence of the projectile fragmentation is studied. It is found that the isospin dependence decreases and disappears in the central collisions. The shapes of the fragment isotopic and isotonic cross section distributions are found to be very similar for symmetric projectile nuclei. The shapes of the fragment isotopic and isotonic distributions of different asymmetric projectiles produced in peripheral reactions are found very similar. The similarity of the distributions are related to the similar proton and neutron density distributions inside the nucleus in framework of the SAA model.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; to be published in Phys Rev

Relativistic and Quantum Revisions of the Multisource Thermal Model in High-Energy Collisions

The multisource thermal model is revised for relativistic and quantum situations. It is shown that the quantum effect can be neglected due to a very small result. The distributions of particle momenta, momentum components, transverse momenta, kinetic energies, and velocities in both the classical and relativistic situations are presented to give comparisons

Genesis of the Yangjiakuang gold deposit, Jiaodong peninsula, China: Constraints from S-He-Ar-Pb isotopes, and Sm-Nd and U-Pb geochronology

Located in the Penglai-Qixia-Fushan Gold Belt, the Yangjiakuang gold deposit formed in the marble of the Paleoproterozoic Fenzishan Group is different from the previous altered rock-type gold deposits whose host gold-bearing rocks are Archean gneiss and Mesozoic granite. Two gold orebodies have been explored within the Yangjiakuang gold deposit, and both of them were controlled by the Yangjiakuang syncline. Three ore-forming stages have been recognized, including the pyrite-sericite stage (I), the gold, polymetallic sulfide, and quartz stage (II), and quartz-calcite stage (III). The calcites, which represent the main metallogenic stage (II) at Yangjiakuang gold deposit, yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 123.5 ± 8.1 Ma (MSWD = 0.042). Subsequent geologic events were recorded by quartz diorite porphyrite dyke which are dated at 122.75 ± 0.66 Ma (MSWD = 1.5) by zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating. It is suggested that the gold mineralization took place in the early period of Early Cretaceous. The in situ δ34S values of pyrites from two stages have a narrow range from + 5.65 to + 9.63‰ with an average value of 8.14‰, which indicate that the source of δ34S is related to the Guojialing granite and the Fenzishan Group. The lead isotopic compositions of pyrites (206Pb/204Pb = 16.615 to 16.832; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.275 to 15.403; 208Pb/204Pb = 36.829–37.470) show a consistent origin of the lower crust. The measured 3He/4He (40Ar/36Ar) of hydrothermal fluids in pyrites are 0.641–1.132 Ra (637.5–1162.7), indicating that the ore-forming fluid originating from a mixing of crustal and mantle components. It is suggested that the gold mineralization is associated with extensional tectonic inversion caused by the rollback of the subducting Izanagi Plate during the early Cretaceous, which triggered partial melting of mantle and lower crust, and subsequent magma mixing and exsolution of ore-bearing fluids. These fluids extracted ore-forming materials from the enclosing rocks of the Jiaodong Group, the Fenzishan Group, and the Guojialing granite to form the ore-forming fluids

Heteroatoms Induce Localization of the Electric Field and Promote a Wide Potential-Window Selectivity Towards CO in the CO2 Electroreduction

Carbon dioxide electroreduction (CO2RR) is a sustainable way of producing carbon-neutral fuels. Product selectivity in CO2RR is regulated by the adsorption energy of reaction-intermediates. Here, we employ differential phase contrast-scanning transmission electron microscopy (DPC-STEM) to demonstrate that Sn heteroatoms on a Ag catalyst generate very strong and atomically localized electric fields. In situ attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) results verified that the localized electric field enhances the adsorption of *COOH, thus favoring the production of CO during CO2RR. The Ag/Sn catalyst exhibits an approximately 100 % CO selectivity at a very wide range of potentials (from -0.5 to -1.1 V, versus reversible hydrogen electrode), and with a remarkably high energy efficiency (EE) of 76.1 %

An Enhanced Tilted-Angle Acoustofluidic Chip for Cancer Cell Manipulation

In recent years, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices have demonstrated great potentials and increasing applications in the manipulation of nano- and micro-particles including biological cells with the advantages of label-free, high sensitivity and accuracy. In this letter, we introduce a novel tilted-angle SAW devices to optimise the acoustic pressure inside a microchannel for cancer-cell manipulation. The SAW generation and acoustic radiation force are improved by seamlessly patterning electrodes in the space surrounding the microchannel. Comparisons between this novel SAW device and a conventional device show a 32% enhanced separation efficiency while the input power, manufacturing cost and fabrication effort remain the same. Effective separation of HeLa cancer cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells is demonstrated. This novel SAW device has the advantages in minimizing device power consumption, lowering component footprint and increasing device density.This work was supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (2020JQ-233); Fundamental Scientific Research of Central Universities (grant number 3102017OQD116); the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (EP/P002803/1 and EP/P018998/1); and the Royal Society (IEC/NSFC/170142, IE161019)

An Enhanced Tilted-Angle Acoustofluidic Chip for Cancer Cell Manipulation

In recent years, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices have demonstrated great potentials and increasing applications in the manipulation of nano- and micro-particles including biological cells with the advantages of label-free, high sensitivity and accuracy. In this letter, we introduce a novel tilted-angle SAW devices to optimise the acoustic pressure inside a microchannel for cancer-cell manipulation. The SAW generation and acoustic radiation force are improved by seamlessly patterning electrodes in the space surrounding the microchannel. Comparisons between this novel SAW device and a conventional device show a 32% enhanced separation efficiency while the input power, manufacturing cost and fabrication effort remain the same. Effective separation of HeLa cancer cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells is demonstrated. This novel SAW device has the advantages in minimizing device power consumption, lowering component footprint and increasing device density.This work was supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (2020JQ-233); Fundamental Scientific Research of Central Universities (grant number 3102017OQD116); the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (EP/P002803/1 and EP/P018998/1); and the Royal Society (IEC/NSFC/170142, IE161019)