130 research outputs found
FederBoost: Private Federated Learning for GBDT
An emerging trend in machine learning and artificial intelligence is
federated learning (FL), which allows multiple participants to contribute
various training data to train a better model. It promises to keep the training
data local for each participant, leading to low communication complexity and
high privacy. However, there are still two problems in FL remain unsolved: (1)
unable to handle vertically partitioned data, and (2) unable to support
decision trees. Existing FL solutions for vertically partitioned data or
decision trees require heavy cryptographic operations. In this paper, we
propose a framework named FederBoost for private federated learning of gradient
boosting decision trees (GBDT). It supports running GBDT over both horizontally
and vertically partitioned data. The key observation for designing FederBoost
is that the whole training process of GBDT relies on the order of the data
instead of the values. Consequently, vertical FederBoost does not require any
cryptographic operation and horizontal FederBoost only requires lightweight
secure aggregation. We fully implement FederBoost and evaluate its utility and
efficiency through extensive experiments performed on three public datasets.
Our experimental results show that both vertical and horizontal FederBoost
achieve the same level of AUC with centralized training where all data are
collected in a central server; and both of them can finish training within half
an hour even in WAN.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure
Hierarchical Dense Correlation Distillation for Few-Shot Segmentation-Extended Abstract
Few-shot semantic segmentation (FSS) aims to form class-agnostic models
segmenting unseen classes with only a handful of annotations. Previous methods
limited to the semantic feature and prototype representation suffer from coarse
segmentation granularity and train-set overfitting. In this work, we design
Hierarchically Decoupled Matching Network (HDMNet) mining pixel-level support
correlation based on the transformer architecture. The self-attention modules
are used to assist in establishing hierarchical dense features, as a means to
accomplish the cascade matching between query and support features. Moreover,
we propose a matching module to reduce train-set overfitting and introduce
correlation distillation leveraging semantic correspondence from coarse
resolution to boost fine-grained segmentation. Our method performs decently in
experiments. We achieve 50.0% mIoU on COCO dataset one-shot setting and 56.0%
on five-shot segmentation, respectively. The code will be available on the
project website. We hope our work can benefit broader industrial applications
where novel classes with limited annotations are required to be decently
identified.Comment: Accepted to CVPR 2023 VISION Workshop, Oral. The extended abstract of
Hierarchical Dense Correlation Distillation for Few-Shot Segmentation. arXiv
admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2303.1465
Whole exome sequencing identifies frequent somatic mutations in cell-cell adhesion genes in chinese patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) accounts for about 30% of all lung cancer cases. Understanding of mutational landscape for this subtype of lung cancer in Chinese patients is currently limited. We performed whole exome sequencing in samples from 100 patients with lung SQCCs to search for somatic mutations and the subsequent target capture sequencing in another 98 samples for validation. We identified 20 significantly mutated genes, including TP53, CDH10, NFE2L2 and PTEN. Pathways with frequently mutated genes included those of cell-cell adhesion/Wnt/Hippo in 76%, oxidative stress response in 21%, and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase in 36% of the tested tumor samples. Mutations of Chromatin regulatory factor genes were identified at a lower frequency. In functional assays, we observed that knockdown of CDH10 promoted cell proliferation, soft-agar colony formation, cell migration and cell invasion, and overexpression of CDH10 inhibited cell proliferation. This mutational landscape of lung SQCC in Chinese patients improves our current understanding of lung carcinogenesis, early diagnosis and personalized therapy
Household, community, sub-national and country-level predictors of primary cooking fuel switching in nine countries from the PURE study
Introduction. Switchingfrom polluting (e.g. wood, crop waste, coal)to clean (e.g. gas, electricity) cooking
fuels can reduce household air pollution exposures and climate-forcing emissions.While studies have
evaluated specific interventions and assessed fuel-switching in repeated cross-sectional surveys, the role
of different multilevel factors in household fuel switching, outside of interventions and across diverse
community settings, is not well understood. Methods.We examined longitudinal survey data from
24 172 households in 177 rural communities across nine countries within the Prospective Urban and
Rural Epidemiology study.We assessed household-level primary cooking fuel switching during a
median of 10 years offollow up (∼2005–2015).We used hierarchical logistic regression models to
examine the relative importance of household, community, sub-national and national-level factors
contributing to primary fuel switching. Results. One-half of study households(12 369)reported
changing their primary cookingfuels between baseline andfollow up surveys. Of these, 61% (7582)
switchedfrom polluting (wood, dung, agricultural waste, charcoal, coal, kerosene)to clean (gas,
electricity)fuels, 26% (3109)switched between different polluting fuels, 10% (1164)switched from clean
to polluting fuels and 3% (522)switched between different clean fuels
Household, community, sub-national and country-level predictors of primary cooking fuel switching in nine countries from the PURE study
Towards Sustainable Food Security through Regional Grain Supply and Demand Analysis in China
As a vital part of sustainable development, food security is challenged by prolonged and concurrent pressures. Efforts have long been devoted to balance grain production across China as a whole, and thereby the uncertainties and underlying crisis in the regional grain-producing systems are hidden. In this study, we characterize the dynamic evolution of 357 cities and explore the dominant supply and demand effects to signal early warnings of grain insecurity. Our results show that 220 cities are in unsustainable grain supply–demand conditions in comparison with 10 years ago. Additionally, the south and southwest of China have experienced enlarged disparities and more severe grain insecurity. The dual effects from both increased population and decreased grain output are substantially responsible for the unsustainable grain-producing system on the city scale. Moreover, cities identified as having grain insecurity occupy high-quality cultivated land, including 55.4% of top-grade land, 49.8% of high-grade land, and only 28.9% of low-grade land. We consequently inform the incongruity between grain productivity and regional grain conditions. It is suggested that current intensive management of cultivation and the strategy of differentiated responsibilities in grain production should be based on environmental sustainability and a degree of self-sufficiency across the region
Design and Analysis of Optimal Current Vector for HTS-Based Multi-Input Wireless Power Transfer Systems
This paper presents a newly-designed optimal current algorithm for high-temperature superconductor (HTS)-based multi-input wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. In this way, both high controllability and lower AC losses can be achieved in the proposed systems, and they are especially superior for long-range and long-time operations. Simplified AC loss modeling for HTS windings is developed for the designed transmitter coils. The accordant optimal current vector is derived and analyzed in order to achieve the highest output power and the lowest primary AC losses. With the proper current control of multiple transmitters and the use of a designed HTS coupler, the system controllability can be greatly improved compared with conventional WPT systems. Based on the information on the impedance characteristics on the primary side, the magnetic field generated by different transmitters can be maximized at the target position. Thus, the maximum output power tracking can be realized with a relatively long transmission distance and a low coupling coefficient. Both active and passive solutions are designed and presented to deal with the cross-coupling issue in multi-input WPT systems. For numerical validation, a practical prototype of the HTS couplers is fabricated. An experimental platform is established with a liquid nitrogen cooling system. The test results further validate the feasibility and the high controllability of the proposed system
Research on the development mode of digital channels of commercial banks based on blockchain finance
—In 2021, blockchain was included in the national five-year plan for the first time, and in the chapter of “Accelerating Digital Development and Building Digital China”, blockchain was listed as one of the seven key industries of digital economy in the 14th Five-Year Plan. The rapid development of blockchain technology not only promotes the high-speed operation of China’s real economy and greatly improves the overall service quality of China’s digital economy, but also provides new development ideas for the innovative development of digital channels of commercial banks. In this paper, through the use of literature research method and qualitative analysis method, we deeply analyze the challenges faced by the development mode of commercial banks at the present stage, etc. Accordingly, we propose corresponding countermea-sures and suggestions from the perspectives of research and development of technology, customer privacy protection and improvement of service efficiency, so as to continuously empower the digital transformation of commercial banks in China
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