Induced-charge electroosmosis around conducting and Janus cylinder in microchip

The induced-charge elecetroosmosis around conducting/Janus cylinder with arbitrary Debye thickness is studied numerically, when an direct current weak electric filed is suddenly applied in a confined microchannel. It’s found that there are four large circulations around the conducting cylinder, and the total flux in the microchannel is zero; there are two smaller circulations around the Janus cylinder, and they are compressed to wall. A bulk flux, which has a parabolic relation with the applied electric field, is also predicted

Bituminous Coal Combustion with New Insights

As one of the most important primary energy, bituminous coal has been widely applied in many fields. The combustion studies of bituminous coal have attracted a lot of attention due to the releases of hazardous emissions. This work focuses on the investigation of combustion characteristics of Shenmu bituminous pulverized coal as a representative bituminous coal in China with a combined TG-MS-FTIR system by considering the effect of particle size, heating rate, and the total flow rate. The combustion products were accurately quantified by normalization and numerical analysis of MS results. The results indicate that the decrease of the particle size, heating rate, and the total flow rate result in lower ignition and burnout temperatures. The activation energy tends to be lower with smaller particle size, faster heating rate, and lower total flow rate. The MS and FTIR results demonstrate that lower concentrations of different products, such as NO, NO2, HCN, CH4, and SO2, were produced with smaller particle size, slower heating rate, and lower total flow rate. This work will guide to understand the combustion kinetics of pulverized coals and be beneficial to control the formation of pollutants

CVD‐Made Spinels: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications for Clean Energy

To reduce emissions and protect environment from pollution caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and CO, catalytic oxidation can be applied as an efficient and promising technique. This review provides a novel and facile strategy to synthesize spinel-type and non-spinel-type transition metal oxides (TMOs). Specifically, single (Co3O4, α-Fe2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, Cu2O and Cr2O3) and binary (Co3-xCuxO4, Co3-xMnxO4 and Co3-xFexO4) TMOs have been prepared using pulsed spray evaporation chemical vapor deposition approach (PSE-CVD). PSE-CVD offers several advantages over conventional methods, such as relatively low cost, simplicity and high throughput, which makes it a promising strategy. Moreover, the PSE delivery system allows using less stable precursors and permits improving the reproducibility of the film properties with tailored compositions. The above listed TMOs prepared by PSE-CVD were successfully tested as catalysts toward the complete oxidation of some real fuels such as CO, C2H2, C3H6, n-C4H8 and C2H6O as representatives of VOCs and industrial exhaust streams. The active TMOs explored in this review could be potential catalysts candidates in one of the research areas that are currently under scrutiny, as the battle for the future of energy and environment involves the generation and application of clean energy

Aqua­bis(triphenyl­phosphine-κP)copper(I) tetra­fluoridoborate

In the title compound, [Cu(C18H15P)2(H2O)]BF4, the CuI atom is coordinated by two P atoms from triphenyl­phosphine ligands and one water mol­ecule in a distorted trigonal geometry. In the BF4 − anion, three F atoms are disordered over two sites around the B—F bond, the site-occupancy ratio being 0.67 (6):0.33 (6). The Cu⋯F distance of 2.602 (5) Å between the Cu atom and the ordered F atom may suggest a weak but genuine inter­action. O—H⋯F and weak C—H⋯F hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure

Soft-sediment deformation structures related to volcanic earthquakes of the Lower Cretaceous Qingshan Group in Lingshan Island, Shandong Province, East China

Abstract The study on soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) of Lingshan Island has been one of the hot topics of sedimentology researches in China in recent years, and SSDS developed in turbidite system in the Laiyang Group are widely known by domestic researchers. However, few studies were conducted on the SSDS in fan delta system in the Qingshan Group, Lingshan Island. This study analyzes the classification and characteristics of SSDS especially their lithofacies association and lithologic characteristics through field outcrops investigation and thin section analysis as well. A conclusion was acquired that the paleoenvironment was a fan delta system with occurrence of several volcanic eruptions, where the water became gradually shallower. The SSDS types in the Qingshan Group includes load and flame structure, ball and pillow structure, water-escape structure, hydroplastic deformation structure, plastic sandstone breccia structure, volcanic drop stone and V-shaped ground fissure mainly caused by volcanic earthquakes of three types: (1) seismic waves, (2) gravity and inertia effect of pyroclastic flows, (3) instant differential air pressure; which is different from slumping and tectonic earthquakes occurred in the Laiyang Group. In addition, with the lithofacies association analysis between pyroclastic flow and SSDS beds, a distribution model of SSDS related to volcanic earthquakes can be established: SSDS types changed gradually with their distance further away from the volcanic activity core. Brittle deformation which was common in the proximal zone disappeared gradually; liquefied and plastic SSDS continued to dominate in the medial zone; and slightly liquefied SSDS were developed in the distal zone. Meanwhile, the scale and size of SSDS is negatively correlated with the distance of SSDS depositional locations from the volcanic vent

Shakedown analysis of pressure pipeline with an oblique nozzle at elevated temperatures using the Linear Matching Method

There are many power plant components operating at elevated temperatures, subjected to the combined mechanical and thermal loading conditions. The shakedown problem is an important topic for the safe operation of these high temperature components. This work mainly addresses the shakedown analysis of the pressure pipeline with an oblique nozzle at elevated temperatures using the Linear Matching Method (LMM). Parametric studies on main factors affecting the shakedown boundary are conducted. The results indicate that the LMM analysis tool is adequate to identify the shakedown boundary of the component, verified by the ABAQUS step-by-step analysis. Regarding to the angle of the oblique nozzle, the ratchet limit is enhanced with the increasing angle, while the reverse plasticity limit increases until a maximum value is reached, and then presents a certain decrease. This implies that designers should make some compromises on the limit load and reverse plasticity limit when determining an economic angel of the oblique nozzle. In addition, parametric studies demonstrate that the diameter-to-thickness ratios of the oblique nozzle and the main pipe have a remarkable effect on the reverse plasticity and ratchet limit of the component

Imido-modified SiO2-supported Ti/Mg Ziegler-Natta catalysts for ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization

A novel imido-modified SiO2-supported Ti/Mg Ziegler-Natta catalyst for ethylene and ethylene/1-hexene polymerization is investigated. The catalyst is prepared by modification of (SiO2/MgO/MgCl2)TiClx Ziegler-Natta catalysts via supporting vanadium species followed by reaction with p-tolyl isocyanate as imido agents, to get the merits from both the SiO2-supported imido vanadium catalyst and the (SiO2/MgO/MgCl2)TiClx Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The effects of cocatalyst amount, hydrogen and dosage of 1-hexene on polymerization behavior and the microstructures of their polymers are systematically investigated. Compared with (SiO2/MgO/MgCl2)TiClx Ziegler-Natta catalysts and vanadium-modified (SiO2/MgO/MgCl2)TiClx Ziegler-Natta catalysts, the imido-modified SiO2-supported Ti/Mg catalysts show lower but more stable activity including homopolymerization, polymerization with hydrogen and copolymerization owing to imido ligands, indicating that p-Tolyl isocyanate was unfavorable to improving catalytic activity but benefited the stability, and the products of all catalysts show lower 1-hexene incorporation but much higher molecular weight (MW) with medium molecular weight distribution (MWD). The most unique feature of the novel catalysts is the excellent hydrogen response without lowering the polymerization activity, showing great potential for industrial application

Acupuncture decreases pain and MIF salivary levels in men and women

Acupuncture is used worldwide to treat many diseases, including painful conditions. Acupuncture-induced effects on pain were studied in men and women to understand the various factors involved in this positive procedure able to cure patients without side effects. Vital parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, temperature) were measured and questionnaires about quality of life (SF-36), mood state (POMS) and pain condition (QUID) were administered to men and women requesting acupuncture treatment for pain. Macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) was determined in the saliva. All parameters were determined before the first and tenth acupuncture sessions. Pain scores (questionnaire and scales) significantly decreased from the first to the last acupuncture session in both sexes. Vital parameters were not affected, while the other questionnaires indicated a general improvement in the quality of life. MIF salivary levels were higher in males than in females and were significantly decreased by acupuncture in both sexes