Antibiotics Resistance in Bacteria Strains Isolated From Fish: Potential Health Risk.

Fisheries and aquaculture provide an important source of food and livelihoods for more than one billion people globally. Products from fisheries and aquaculture have sometimes been associated with certain food safety issues. This article reviewed the issues of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture as documented by some workers. Literature reviewed revealed multiple drug resistance of bacterial strains to commonly used antibiotics. The public health implications of these observations are discussed. Effective use of antimicrobial drugs, authorization of prudent use of veterinary antimicrobial drugs, good aquaculture practices and efficient management of municipal ‘waste among, others are recommended to curb the issue of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture products. Keywords:  Aquaculture, Antibiotic resistance, Bacteria, Public health, Resistance

Corresponding Author The Antibiotic Resistant Patterns of Bacterial Flora of Fish from Different Aquatic Environments from Ibadan, South-west Nigeria Obuko: The Antibiotic Resistant Patterns of Bacterial Flora of Fish from Different Aquatic Environments f

ABSTRACT The physico-chemical properties, bacteriological qualities and antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated bacteria from different aquatic environments and fish obtained randomly at different locations in Ibadan, South West Nigeria were studied. Two hundred and ten samples of fish and water were collected randomly and analysed for bacteriological quality. Antibiotic sensitivity of strains was done using the disc diffusion method. The Antibiotic sensitivity tests conducted on the bacteria isolates revealed multiple drug resistance of four to eight antibiotics among the 32 strains of bacteria belonging to the genera Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Salmonella and Streptococcus. The relatively high level of resistance to antimicrobial agents is a reflection of misuse or abuse of these agents in the environment The study established the incidence of contributive resistant bacteria for bacteria isolated from different aquatic environments, captured and cultured fish which have a lot of implication on the safety of the public

Phytochemical Constituents, Nutritional and Antibacterial Potentials of Selected Medicinal Plants (Allium sativum, Chromolaena odorata, and Talinum triangulare)

Alternate medicine practices using natural plant extract may be of great importance in combating public health challenges. Medicinal plants are the bases for the development of modern drugs; accepted to treat infectious diseases globally. This study investigated the phytochemical constituents, proximate composition, and antibacterial activity of Allium sativum (garlic), Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed), and Talinum triangulare (Waterleaf) due to their reported medicinal properties. The phytochemical constituents and proximate composition were analysed using standard protocols. Agar diffusion technique was used to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the plants. All three plants included innumerable quantities of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, phenol, and cardiac glycoside. Proximate analysis indicated that the moisture (9.88%), fiber (4.57%), crude fat (2.89%), crude protein (3.67%), ash (3.78%), and carbohydrate (75.21%) present in Allium sativum; moisture (9.26%), fiber (15.28%), crude fat (3.56%), crude protein (18.86%), ash (11.76%), and carbohydrate (41.28%) present in Chromolaena odorata; moisture (10.37%), fiber (16.43%), crude fat (2.23%), crude protein (11.88%), ash (13.29%), and carbohydrate (45.80%) present in Talinum triangulare. The crude extract of Chromolaena odorata had the highest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5mm). These bioactive substances, such as phenol, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, augment the therapeutic characteristics of these plants, making them a common component of traditional remedies. They may serve as primes to drug discovery and be integrated into the health care delivery system. The investigations proved these plants' medicinal potential and further demonstrated Chromolaena odorata and Talinum triangulare's nutritional potential. They are good sources of income for individuals and bioprospecting

Medicinal Plant Feed Additives Enhanced Survivability and Growth Performance of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (African Catfish) against Bacterial Infection

The growth performance and survivability enhancement potential of some medicinal plant feed additives for combatting Pseudomonad infections in Clarias gariepinus were evaluated. Three medicinal plants (5 g/kg Allium sativum, 10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata and 10 g/kg Talinum triangulare) were incorporated separately into a basic diet. Juvenile Clarias gariepinus (n = 150, 53.05 ± 0.23 g), randomised into four groups, were fed for 42 days. The control group was fed with a non-supplemented diet. Growth parameters were determined and thereafter ten fish from each group, randomly selected, were inoculated intraperitoneally with pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.2 mL culture containing 1.4 × 106 cfu/mL). Their survivability was observed for 7 days based on mortality rate and relative level of protection (RLP). Mean weight gains were higher in all treated groups and significantly higher (p Allium sativum diet compared with the control. The lowest mortality rate (20%) and highest RLP (75) was recorded in the group fed with10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata. The results suggest that medicinal plant feed additives enhanced growth and survival of the cultured Clarias gariepinus. The study recommends 5 g/kg Allium sativum and 10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata diet supplementations as an effective growth promoter and anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa agent, respectively, for Clarias gariepinus production

Medicinal Plant Feed Additives Enhanced Survivability and Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish) against Bacterial Infection

The growth performance and survivability enhancement potential of some medicinal plant feed additives for combatting Pseudomonad infections in Clarias gariepinus were evaluated. Three medicinal plants (5 g/kg Allium sativum, 10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata and 10 g/kg Talinum&nbsp;triangulare) were incorporated separately into a basic diet. Juvenile Clarias gariepinus (n = 150, 53.05 ± 0.23 g), randomised into four groups, were fed for 42 days. The control group was fed with a non-supplemented diet. Growth parameters were determined and thereafter ten fish from each group, randomly selected, were inoculated intraperitoneally with pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.2 mL culture containing 1.4 × 106 cfu/mL). Their survivability was observed for 7 days based on mortality rate and relative level of protection (RLP). Mean weight gains were higher in all treated groups and significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) in the group of fish fed with 5 g/kg Allium sativum diet compared with the control. The lowest mortality rate (20%) and highest RLP (75) was recorded in the group fed with10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata. The results suggest that medicinal plant feed additives enhanced growth and survival of the cultured Clarias gariepinus. The study recommends 5 g/kg Allium sativum and 10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata diet supplementations as an effective growth promoter and anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa agent, respectively, for Clarias gariepinus production