The probability of disturbance (<i>D_rms</i>) as a function of sonar RL_rms.

<p>The GAM fit to the recorded data is shown in red with the bootstrap mean shown by the green with the point-wise 95% confidence limits indicated by dotted lines from the bootstrap. The parametric GLM approximation is shown in black. There is a.5 probability of disturbance at a RL_rms of 149.8 dB; this is indicated in blue.</p

The start and stop times of six sonar scenarios during a multi-ship exercise on the AUTEC range in 2009 with the duration of gap periods with no sonar.

<p>The start and stop times of six sonar scenarios during a multi-ship exercise on the AUTEC range in 2009 with the duration of gap periods with no sonar.</p

A comparison of risk functions relating the probability of disturbance to received level for beaked whales exposed to sonar signals.

<p>The current step function used by the U.S. Navy is shown by a green line and the historical function by a blue-dashed line. The empirical function developed in this paper is shown by a solid black line. A solid red line marks the.5 probability of disturbance.</p

Estimated probability of a GVP start as a function of maximum RL_rms in a 30 minute segment on a given hydrophone on the logit (left plot) and linear (right plot) scale.

<p>Dashed lines indicate pointwise 95% confidence limits on the fitted relationship. Short vertical lines at the top and bottom of the plots show the data used in the model: those at the top indicate the RL_rms where GVP starts were observed, while those at the bottom of the plots indicate RL_rms where GVP starts were not observed. The grey dots provide a summary of these data, and can be used to assess the goodness-of-fit of the fitted relationship – they are the proportion of the data where a GVP start was observed, each calculated using approximately 1/12^th of the data going from lowest to highest RL. Grey vertical lines indicate 95% binomial confidence intervals on these proportions.</p