Engravings and rock coatings at Pudjinuk Rockshelter No. 2, South Australia

This paper presents the results of analyses of rock coatings from Pudjinuk Rockshelter No. 2 in South Australia (SA) using the following methods: 1) Raman microscopy; 2) X-ray powder diffraction; and 3) Scanning electron microscopy coupled with integrated energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The deposits analysed contained a mixture of thenardite, glauberite, halite, sylvinite, gypsum, probable palygorskite and amorphous carbon. The engravings previously extant at the rockshelter are also described and contextualised. This article provides the first record of thenardite in any context in SA. It is argued that the accumulation of the salt crystals, likely caused or exacerbated by run-off from irrigation, led to significant haloclasty (salt weathering) that caused or contributed to the destruction of the pre-contact petroglyphs in the rockshelter. The presence of amorphous carbon is interpreted as possibly deriving from firewood sources. The effects of salt weathering on petroglyphs in the Murray River Gorge, as demonstrated in this paper, reveals the urgent need for a systematic program of rock art recording in the region.Amy Roberts, Heather Burke, Allan Pring, Jing Zhao, Christopher T.Gibson, Rachel S. Popelka-Filcof

A geophysical analysis of Aboriginal earth mounds in the Murray River Valley, South Australia

Earth mounds are common archaeological features in some regions of Australia, particularly within the Murray‐Darling Basin. These features are generally considered to have formed via the repeated use of earth oven cookery methods employed by Aboriginal people during the mid‐ to late‐Holocene. This study assesses the relative effectiveness of key geophysical methods including magnetometry, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in mapping, and determining the stratigraphy of earth mound sites. Three earth mounds adjacent to Hunchee Creek, on Calperum Station in South Australia's Riverland region, were chosen to conduct a comparative trial of these methods. This research demonstrated that geophysics can be used to both locate mounds and provide information as to deposit thickness and size. Individual ovens within mounds can also be located. This suggests a greater potential role for geophysics in understanding the Holocene archaeological record in Australia

Smart environment effectiveness analysis of a pursuit and evasion scenario.

[[abstract]]The internet of things (IoT) has become a trend in interactive environments for providing information to decision-makers. Anti-submarine warfare (ASW) is a typical pursuit and evasion (PE) game that is a very complicated process. The ASW helicopter is assigned to execute the final phase of hunting the submarine with a torpedo attack. In most cases, a single helicopter is assigned to detect the submarine by dipping sonar, and then drops a torpedo. Once the dipping sonar goes off, uncertainty takes over, with the possible result of losing track of the submarine. To prevent this problem, using the IoT concept to create a wireless sensor network (WSN) in the area of interest for keeping ears on the evading submarine is a potential solution. The objective of this paper is to gain insights into this PE scenario so as to quantify the interaction result in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the helicopter in terms of hunting the submarine. Monte Carlo simulation has been developed as the analytical tool, and ANOVA was used to verify the significance of the output measure of effectiveness (MOE) before analysis. The results show that a slow, unalerted submarine has a very low chance of survival. An alerted submarine has very high chance of survival, but when the proposed sonobuoy WSN is in place, this situation benefitting the submarine will be reversed. The WSN has been proved to be effective in a single helicopter carrying out its ASW task.[[notice]]補正完

Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: summary of an evidence-based guideline

Helena J Teede, Marie L Misso, Amanda A Deeks, Lisa J Moran, Bronwyn G A Stuckey, Jennifer L A Wong, Robert J Norman and Michael F Costello on behalf of the Guideline Development Group