Effect of carbon-to-nitrogen molar ratio on PHA content and biomass in batch culture of <i>P. putida</i> Bet001grown on oleic acid (C_18∶1) (max. standard error ±5%).

<p>Effect of carbon-to-nitrogen molar ratio on PHA content and biomass in batch culture of <i>P. putida</i> Bet001grown on oleic acid (C_18∶1) (max. standard error ±5%).</p

PHA composition as a function of carbon source (max. standard error ±5%).

†<p>(hydroxybutyrate)</p>‡<p>(hydroxyhexanoate)</p>∥<p>(hydroxyheptanoate)</p> <p>(hydroxyoctanoate)</p>#<p>(hydroxydecanoate)</p>§<p>(hydroxydodecanoate)</p>¶<p>(hydroxytetradecanoate), ND (not detected).</p

FTIR-ATR spectrum of the PHA extracted from <i>P. putida</i> Bet001 fed on oleic acid (C_18∶1).

<p>FTIR-ATR spectrum of the PHA extracted from <i>P. putida</i> Bet001 fed on oleic acid (C_18∶1).</p

NMR (¹H) spectrum of the PHA extracted from <i>P. putida</i> Bet001 fed on palmitic acid (C_16∶0).

<p>NMR (¹H) spectrum of the PHA extracted from <i>P. putida</i> Bet001 fed on palmitic acid (C_16∶0).</p

<i>Pseudomonas putida</i> Bet001 cells showing PHA inclusion.

<p>(A) phase contrast (X 100 magnification) and (B) T.E.M (X 5000 magnification) when cultivated on palmitic acid (C_16∶0) at 30°C, 200 rpm for 48 h.</p

Specific growth rate and PHA content as a function of ammonium ion concentrations in <i>P. putida</i> Bet001 fed on oleic acid (C_18∶1).

<p>Specific growth rate and PHA content as a function of ammonium ion concentrations in <i>P. putida</i> Bet001 fed on oleic acid (C_18∶1).</p

Neighbor joining phylogenetic tree showing the interrelationship between isolate Bet001 and top 10 Blast hits from RDP database.

<p>Neighbor joining phylogenetic tree showing the interrelationship between isolate Bet001 and top 10 Blast hits from RDP database.</p

Molecular Dynamics Study of Anhydrous Lamellar Structures of Synthetic Glycolipids: Effects of Chain Branching and Disaccharide Headgroup

Glycolipids form materials of considerable potential for a wide range of surfactant and thin film applications. Understanding the effect of glycolipid covalent structure on the properties of their thermotropic and lyotropic assemblies is a key step toward rational design of new glycolipid-based materials. Here, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of anhydrous bilayers of dodecyl β-maltoside, dodecyl β-cellobioside, dodecyl <i>β-</i>isomaltoside, and a C₁₂C₁₀ branched β-maltoside. Specifically, we examine the consequences of chain branching and headgroup identity on the structure and dynamics of the lamellar assemblies. Chain branching of the glycolipid leads to measurable differences in the dimensions and interactions of the lamellar assembly, as well as a more fluid-like hydrophobic chain region. Substitution of the maltosyl headgroup of βMal-C₁₂ by an isomaltosyl moiety leads to a significant decrease in bilayer spacing as well as a markedly altered pattern of inter-headgroup hydrogen bonding. The distinctive simulated structures of the two regioisomers provide insight into the difference of ∼90 °C in their observed clearing temperatures. For all four simulated glycolipid systems, with the exception of the <i>sn-</i>2 chain of the branched maltoside, the alkyl chains are ordered and exhibit a distinct tilt, consistent with recent crystallographic analysis of a branched chain Guerbet glycoside. These insights into structure–property relationships from simulation provide an important molecular basis for future design of synthetic glycolipid materials