Male Attractiveness Is Influenced by UV Wavelengths in a Newt Species but Not in Its Close Relative

Background: Functional communication in the UV range has been reported in Invertebrates and all major groups of Vertebrates but Amphibians. Although perception in this wavelength range has been shown in a few species, UV signalling has not been demonstrated in this group. One reason may be that in lentic freshwater habitats, litter decomposition generates dissolved organic carbon that absorbs UV radiation and thus hinders its use for visual signalling. We tested the effect of male UV characteristics on female sexual preference in two newt species that experience contrasting levels of UV water transmission when breeding. Methodology/Principal Findings: We analysed water spectral characteristics of a sample of breeding ponds in both species. We quantified male ventral coloration and measured male attractiveness under two lighting conditions (UV present, UV absent) using a no-choice female preference design. UV transmission was higher in Lissotriton vulgaris breeding sites. Male UV patterns also differed between experimental males of the two species. We observed a first common peak around 333 nm, higher in L. vulgaris, and a second peak around 397 nm, more frequent and higher in L. helveticus. Male attractiveness was significantly reduced in L. vulgaris when UV was not available but not in L. helveticus. Male attractiveness depended on the hue of the first UV peak in L. vulgaris. Conclusion/Significance: Our study is the first report of functional UV-based communication in Amphibians. Interestingly

Imagem radiográfica de acúmulo fecal no ceco, como sinal diagnóstico de apendicite aguda Radiographic image of fecal loading in the cecum as a diagnostic sign of acute appendicitis

OBJETIVO: Apesar de os achados radiográficos de apendicite aguda serem bem documentados, o valor da radiografia simples ainda não foi completamente determinado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estabelecer a freqüência da associação de apendicite aguda a um sinal radiográfico caracterizado por imagem de acúmulo fecal ocupando todo o ceco. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas radiografias simples de abdome de 100 pacientes consecutivos com apendicite aguda, comprovada por operação e exame anatomopatológico. Pesquisou-se, nas radiografias, a presença de imagem de acúmulo fecal no ceco, caracterizada por hipotransparência ocupando todo o ceco e, eventualmente, também o cólon ascendente. RESULTADOS: A imagem de acúmulo fecal no ceco foi encontrada em 97% dos doentes, independentemente de idade, sexo, cor da pele ou estádio da apendicite. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo sugere que a presença de imagem radiográfica de acúmulo fecal no ceco pode ser um sinal útil no diagnóstico de apendicite aguda.<br>OBJECTIVE: Although the radiological features of acute appendicitis are well documented, the value of the plain radiography has not been fully appreciated yet. The present study was aimed at determining the frequency of association between acute appendicitis and a radiological sign characterized as an image of fecal loading in the whole cecum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plain abdominal radiographs of 100 consecutive adult patients with acute appendicitis proved by surgery and histology were assessed. The presence of fecal loading characterized by hypotransparency in the whole cecum, and sometimes also in the ascending colon, was observed. RESULTS: The image of fecal loading in the cecum was found in 97% of cases of acute appendicitis, independently of age, gender, skin color or stage of appendicitis. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the presence of radiological images of fecal loading in the cecum may be a useful sign for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis