5,601 research outputs found
Does understanding individuals require idiographic judgement?
Idiographic understanding has been proposed as a response to concern that criteriological diagnosis cannot capture the nature of human individuality. It can seem that understanding individuals requires, instead, a distinct form of ‘individualised’ judgement and this claim receives endorsement by the inventor of the term ‘idiographic’, Wilhelm Windelband. I argue, however, that none of the options for specifying a model of individualised judgement, to explain what idiographic judgement might be, will work. I suggest, at the end, that narrative, rather than idiographic, understanding is a more promising response to the limitations of criteriological diagnosis
Soft Manifold Dynamics Behind Negative Thermal Expansion
Minimal models are developed to examine the origin of large negative thermal
expansion (NTE) in under-constrained systems. The dynamics of these models
reveals how underconstraint can organize a thermodynamically extensive manifold
of low-energy modes which not only drives NTE but extends across the Brillioun
zone. Mixing of twist and translation in the eigenvectors of these modes, for
which in ZrW2O8 there is evidence from infrared and neutron scattering
measurements, emerges naturally in our model as a signature of the dynamics of
underconstraint.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Impact of Poor Retention in HIV Medical Care on Time to Viral Load Suppression
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how poor retention in HIV care impacts time to viral suppression after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study design, employing a medical chart review, was conducted at an academic infectious disease clinic at the University of Kentucky. Patients seeking care between 2003 and 2011 were included in the study. A log-normal model was employed to determine the factors associated with time to viral suppression. Results: Of the 532 patients in the study, 426 (80.1%) patients were virally suppressed. Controlling for insurance status, race, baseline CD4 counts, and viral loads, the expected time to viral suppression for nonoptimal retainers was longer compared to optimal retainers (100% retained in care; time ratio: 2.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.40-2.90). Conclusion: Researchers should continue to study the impact of retention on clinical outcomes and strategies to improve retention and reengage those lost to follow-up back into care. © The Author(s) 2013
Timing analysis techniques at large core distances for multi-TeV gamma ray astronomy
We present an analysis technique that uses the timing information of
Cherenkov images from extensive air showers (EAS). Our emphasis is on distant,
or large core distance gamma-ray induced showers at multi-TeV energies.
Specifically, combining pixel timing information with an improved direction
reconstruction algorithm, leads to improvements in angular and core resolution
as large as ~40% and ~30%, respectively, when compared with the same algorithm
without the use of timing. Above 10 TeV, this results in an angular resolution
approaching 0.05 degrees, together with a core resolution better than ~15 m.
The off-axis post-cut gamma-ray acceptance is energy dependent and its full
width at half maximum ranges from 4 degrees to 8 degrees. For shower directions
that are up to ~6 degrees off-axis, the angular resolution achieved by using
timing information is comparable, around 100 TeV, to the on-axis angular
resolution. The telescope specifications and layout we describe here are geared
towards energies above 10 TeV. However, the methods can in principle be applied
to other energies, given suitable telescope parameters. The 5-telescope cell
investigated in this study could initially pave the way for a larger array of
sparsely spaced telescopes in an effort to push the collection area to >10 km2.
These results highlight the potential of a `sparse array' approach in
effectively opening up the energy range above 10 TeV.Comment: Published in Astroparticle Physic
Loss of strength in Ni3Al at elevated temperatures
Stress decrease above the stress peak temperature (750 K) is studied in h123i single crystals of Ni3(Al, 3 at.% Hf ). Two thermally activated deformation mechanisms are evidenced on the basis of stress relaxation and strain rate change experiments. From 500 to 1070 K, the continuity of the activation volume/temperature curves reveals a single mechanism of activation enthalpy 3.8 eV/atom and volume 90 b3 at 810K with an athermal stress of 330 MPa. Over the very same temperature interval, impurity or solute diffusion towards dislocation cores is evidenced
through serrated yielding, peculiar shapes of stress–strain curves while changing the rate of straining and stress relaxation experiments. This complicates the
identification of the deformation mechanism, which is likely connected with cube glide. From 1070 to 1270 K, the high-temperature mechanism has an activation
enthalpy and volume of 4.8 eV/atom and 20 b3, respectively, at 1250 K
Shifting a Quantum Wire through a Disordered Crystal: Observation of Conductance Fluctuations in Real Space
A quantum wire is spatially displaced by suitable electric fields with
respect to the scatterers inside a semiconductor crystal. As a function of the
wire position, the low-temperature resistance shows reproducible fluctuations.
Their characteristic temperature scale is a few hundred millikelvin, indicating
a phase-coherent effect. Each fluctuation corresponds to a single scatterer
entering or leaving the wire. This way, scattering centers can be counted one
by one.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Very High Energy Gamma Rays from PSR1706-44
We have obtained evidence of gamma-ray emission above 1 TeV from PSR1706-44,
using a ground-based telescope of the atmospheric \v{C}erenkov imaging type
located near Woomera, South Australia. This object, a -ray source
discovered by the COS B satellite (2CG342-02), was identified with the radio
pulsar through the discovery of a 102 ms pulsed signal with the EGRET
instrument of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. The flux of the present
observation above a threshold of 1 TeV is 1 10
photons cm s, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than the
extrapolation from GeV energies. The analysis is not restricted to a search for
emission modulated with the 102 ms period, and the reported flux is for all
-rays from PSR1706-44, pulsed and unpulsed. The energy output in the
TeV region corresponds to about 10 of the spin down energy loss rate of
the neutron star.Comment: 13 pages, latex format (article), 2 figures include
Why the idea of framework propositions cannot contribute to an understanding of delusions
One of the tasks that recent philosophy of psychiatry has taken upon itself is to extend the range of understanding to some of those aspects of psychopathology that Jaspers deemed beyond its limits. Given the fundamental difficulties of offering a literal interpretation of the contents of primary delusions, a number of alternative strategies have been put forward including regarding them as abnormal versions of framework propositions described by Wittgenstein in On Certainty. But although framework propositions share some of the apparent epistemic features of primary delusions, their role in partially constituting the sense of inquiry rules out their role in helping to understand delusions
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