Students' satisfaction using e-learning as a supplementary tool

E-learning is useful to help students gaining digital and data literacy during their studies particularly in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0). E-learning which is characterized by time and place flexibility should be utilized as a tool for self-learning. In Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), elearning plays an important role as a supplementary tool for effective web-based learning. The purpose of this study is to examine what are the factors that drive students' satisfaction in e-learning. A total of 194 samples were collected from undergraduate students in UTM using quantitative method. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized for data analysis. The findings showed that delivery method and content have a positive and significant relationship with satisfaction of using e-learning. However, system operations has no impact on students' satisfaction in e-learning. In conclusion, the finding of this study is expected to provide an effective teaching model for general education schools

Analysis towards the current management of limited common property in Malaysia

Strata properties in Malaysia were getting popular especially in the urban areas. As the population density in urban centres are expected to grow continuously, the number of residents for strata properties are expected to rise continuously which help to promote the mix-developments to be developed under a strata scheme. However, there are some issues regarding the unfair management for the common property in mixdevelopment where certain owners have to pay the maintenance fee for common properties which are not enjoyable by them. Therefore, this paper has the objective to examine the current practice of strata management towards limited common property. The enactment of Strata Management Act 2013 and enforcement in 2015 promoted the self-governance for strata scheme in Malaysia. For the current strata property, the scheme will be managed by all strata unit owners where Strata Title Act 1985 and Strata Management Act 2013 provide the framework in establishing the Management Corporation to administer and manage the strata scheme. MC is allowed to establish Subsidiary Management Corporation (Sub-MC) to manage limited common property and the designation of limited common property for different interest of parcel proprietors especially for mixdevelopment properties. Although the frameworks and procedures to establish the subsidiary management corporation were introduced under the Circular of JUPEM in 2017, however the number of establishment for Sub-MC is still low as there is only Sub-MC in Malaysia was proposed to be formed at 1 Mont’ Kiara mixed-use stratified development. Quantitative method and descriptive analysis were used in this research. Result shows that the management body has the knowledge in forming limited common property in their strata scheme. However, the low number in forming limited common property might due to problems in the procedure. Therefore, common pool resource theory was applied to describe the benefit in forming the limited common property

Fingolimod: therapeutic mechanisms and ocular adverse effects.

Fingolimod is an oral immunomodulating drug used in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We aim to review the published literature on ocular manifestations of fingolimod therapy and their possible underlying mechanisms. The therapeutic effects of fingolimod are mediated via sphingosine receptors, which are found ubiquitously in various organs, including lymphoid cells, central nervous system, cardiac myocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Fingolimod-associated macular oedema (FAME) is the most common ocular side effect but retinal haemorrhages and retinal vein occlusion can occur. The visual consequences appear to be mild and, in cases of FAME, resolution is often attained with discontinuation of therapy. However, in cases of retinal vein occlusion, discontinuation of fingolimod alone may not be sufficient and intra-vitreal therapy may be required. We also propose a pragmatic service pathway for monitoring patients on fingolimod therapy, which includes stratifying them by risk and visual acuity

IN-browser : a graphical browser for interaction networks

The Interaction Network (IN) is a way of representing the execution of an interaction in a loosely-coupled distributed system. Much work has been put into the development and refinement of command-line programs to record and analyse these INs. This project is aimed at providing a graphical display for INs and access to statistics summarised from the INs. In a broader sense, it aims to provide a greater understanding of INs. A brief discussion of related work is presented. The major design and implementation approaches to the browser, IN-browser, are described, followed by observations drawn from running IN-browser on an IN recorded during the compilation and linking of a simple C program. The usefulness of IN-browser as an analysis tool is discussed

Blends of palm kernel oil, soybean oil and palm stearin as an alternative to milk fat for frozen dessert application

In this study, the ternary blends of palm kernel oil (PKO), soybean oil (SBO) and two types of palm stearin (PS) (PS33 and PS38) were systematically prepared and evaluated for their application as an alternative to milk fat in frozen dessert. The physicochemical characteristics namely fatty acids constituent, triacylglycerols (TAGs) composition, melting behavior, solid fat content (SFC) and microstructure were studied. All ternary blends of PKO/SBO/PS33 and PKO/SBO/PS38 had comparable microstructure to that of milk fat. However, 80/15/5 (PKO/SBO/PS33) and 80/15/5 to 80/5/15 (PKO/SBO/PS38) mixtures were found to have similar SFC as milk fat at temperature above 20 °C, allowing these ternary blends to be completely melted at body temperature. With this, 80/15/5 (PKO/SBO/PS33) and 80/15/5 to 80/5/15 (PKO/SBO/PS38) mixtures were able to provide similar meltdown and mouth feel as milk fat at room temperature. Nonetheless, fatty acids constituent, TAGs composition and melting behavior of the blends were different from milk fat. This study showed that ternary blends of PKO, SBO and PS at ratios 80/15/5 (PKO/SBO/PS33) and 80/15/5 to 80/5/15 (PKO/SBO/PS38) can be potentially used as a milk fat alternative for frozen dessert application based on its similar microstructure and SFC profile as the milk fat. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05507-z

The use of nano polymeric self-assemblies based on novel amphiphilic polymers for oral hydrophobic drug delivery

To investigate the use of nano self-assemblies formed by polyallylamine (PAA) modified with 5 or 10% mole fluorenylmethoxy carbonyl (Fmoc(5)/(10)), dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl (Dansyl(5)/(10)) and 5% mole cholesteryl group (Ch(5)) for oral hydrophobic drug delivery. Propofol, griseofulvin and prednisolone were loaded into amphiphilic PAAs. Particle size and morphology of drug-loaded self-assemblies were determined using photon correlation spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Solubilising capacity, in vitro drug release and formulation stability were analysed by HPLC, and in vitro biocompatibility studies (haemolysis and cytotoxicity) were carried out on bovine erythrocytes and Caco-2 cells, respectively. Dansyl(10) and Ch(5) griseofulvin formulations were administered intra-gastrically to rats, and drug plasma levels were analysed by HPLC. Drug-encapsulated self-assemblies typically have hydrodynamic size of 300-400 nm. Dansyl(10) exhibited universal drug solubiliser property and had significantly improved prednisolone, griseofulvin and propofol solubility by 145, 557 and 224-fold, respectively. Fmoc polymers resulted in modest drug solubility improvement. These polymers were non-haemolytic, did not enhance cytotoxicity compared to unmodified PAA, and demonstrated significant increase in griseofulvin plasma concentration compared to griseofulvin in water after oral administration. Ch(5) and Dansyl(10) showed promising potential as nano-carriers for oral hydrophobic drug deliver