STRUCTURE output (K = 8) for Lake Donggi Cona <i>Radix</i> specimens based on AFLP data.

<p>Each group assignment is represented by a colored horizontal bar. (A) Accessions ordered according to their cluster membership (K = 8: A–H). (B) Accessions ordered according to their sampling site (lake: DC04, 05, 11; drainage system: DC07, 08, 10, 12, 18, 21). (C) Geographical presentation of the structure results. Red circles: sampling sites within the lake, orange circles: sampling sites within the drainage system. Lake map redrawn from Dietze et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160286#pone.0160286.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>].</p

NeighborNet of Lake Donggi Cona <i>Radix</i> specimens based on AFLP data.

<p>Lake specimens are colored in red; drainage specimens in orange. For specimen and locality details see the Supplement (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160286#pone.0160286.s002" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>).</p

Results of mismatch distribution analyses for Lake Donggi Cona <i>Radix</i> specimens based on mtDNA.

<p>SSD = sum of squared deviations from the respective model; RI = raggedness index; τ = population parameter tau with 95% confidence interval; <i>P</i> = significance of the respective parameter (level 0.05).</p

Additional file 3: of Ecological opportunity may facilitate diversification in Palearctic freshwater organisms: a case study on hydrobiid gastropods

Table S2. Morphological dataset. Abbreviations explained in Additional file 1: Table S3. (TXT 5 kb

Additional file 2: of Ecological opportunity may facilitate diversification in Palearctic freshwater organisms: a case study on hydrobiid gastropods

Figure S1. Phylogenetic relationships of Corrosella and Pseudamnicola species based on a Bayesian inference of the combined COI, 16S, and 28S datasets. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated with black dots when < 0.9. Bars on the right denote species assignments. For locality codes see Additional file 1: Table S1. (PDF 2138 kb

Sampling sites and phylogenetic relationships of <i>Radix</i> specimens sampled in the Lake Donggi Cona drainage system.

<p>(A) Lake Donggi Cona drainage system showing the lake, the perennial eastern and northeastern inflows (thick lines), some seasonal inflows, and the gauge-controlled outflow. Lake map redrawn from Dietze et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160286#pone.0160286.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>]. Satellite image (upper right corner) taken from Natural Earth (free vector and raster map data at naturalearthdata.com). (B) Collapsed Bayesian-inference tree based on mtDNA (COI) data. The uncollapsed tree is given in the Supplement (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160286#pone.0160286.s001" target="_blank">S1 Fig</a>).</p

Additional file 1: of Ecological opportunity may facilitate diversification in Palearctic freshwater organisms: a case study on hydrobiid gastropods

Table S1. Species names, locality data, locality codes and GenBank accession numbers for the taxa studied. Table S3. Abbreviations of the morphological characters depicted in Additional file 3: Table S2. Figure S2. Comparison of macroevolutionary models. Boxplots showing the relative fit (ΔAIC) of quantitative state speciation and extinction (QuaSSE) models estimating the evolution of temperature preference and its potential influence on speciation rate along 100 random post-burn-in trees of Pseudamnicolinae for (a) mean annual temperature, (b) mean temperature of the warmest season, and (c) mean temperature of the coldest season. Each set of temperature included a standard deviation (SD) of 10, 20, 30%. Dots display the relative fit for the MCC tree. Tables S4, S5. Models testing the relationship of speciation rates with both environmental temperature and elevation, respectively. We fitted quantitative state speciation and extinction (QuaSSE) models with genus specific or independent coefficients for rates of speciation (λ), change of speciation rate with elevation (λElv) and environmental temperature (λTem), and rates of elevational and environmental temperature evolution (σ2). Subscripts P and C denote the two genera Pseudamnicola and Corrosella, respectively. Empty cells indicate identical coefficients of the respective parameter for both genera. Not available (NA) parameters were not included in the respective model. For each model, the first row indicates the coefficients and model fit of the MCC tree. Brackets in the second row include the average and standard deviation of these coefficients as well as the model fit based on 100 random post-burn-in trees. Table S6. Testing mode and rates of morphological divergence of the two sister-genera Pseudamnicola and Corrosella along the MCC. The Brownian Motion (BM) model includes the rate of morphological divergence (σ2) and the morphological optimum (θ). We used AIC-based model comparison to test additional variants of this model that allowed for genus and/or trait specific coefficients. Empty cells indicate identical coefficients for both trait axes or both genera, respectively. For each tested model, the first row indicates the coefficients and model fit of the MCC tree and the brackets in the second row include the average and standard deviation of these coefficients as well as the model fit based on 100 random post-burn-in trees. Because of the relatively small number of species, we could not fit more complex models with genus- and trait specific parameters or selection. (PDF 625 kb

Lake- and sex-specific distributions of <i>A. denticornis</i> in the water column.

<p>The table provides the posterior probability estimates of the employed predictor variables of a Bayesian logistic analysis of variance (β_i; see text for details). The estimates indicate the deflection of each predictor from the overall central tendency and are the basis for the complex comparisons depicted in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090010#pone-0090010-g003" target="_blank">Fig. 3</a>. Abbreviations: HDI–high density interval; WH–white light.</p

Effect of the covariates lake, sex, and treatment on survival.

<p>The first three columns (“Proportional hazards “) provide model diagnostics of the employed Cox proportional-hazards regression, i.e. they test the proportional hazards assumption for the model fit. The non-significant p-values of the statistics indicate that the assumption is not violated. The fourth column (coef [δ]) provides the model estimates for the three coefficients and the fifth column the respective standard errors (SE). All tested covariates had a significant effect (p-values in the sixth column).</p

Study system.

<p>(A) Specimens of <i>Acanthodiaptomus denticornis</i> populations from the neighbouring lakes Lac Pavin (LP) and Lac de Montcineyre (LM). Both sexes in LM as well as LP females are translucent, whereas LP males bright red. (B) The lakes are situated in the French Massif Central. Grey areas around the lakes are woodland, white areas are mainly agricultural or other areas under human use.</p