1,963 research outputs found
Performing joint measurements and transformations on several qubits by operating on a single control qubit
An n-qubit quantum register can in principle be completely controlled by
operating on a single qubit that interacts with the register via an appropriate
fixed interaction. We consider a hypothetical system consisting of n spin-1/2
nuclei that interact with an electron spin via a magnetic interaction. We
describe algorithms that measure non-trivial joint observables on the register
by acting on the control spin only. For large n this is not an efficient model
for universal quantum computation but it can be modified to an efficient one if
one allows n possible positions of the control particle.
This toy model of measurements illustrates in which way specific interactions
between the register and a probe particle support specific types of joint
measurements in the sense that some joint observables can be measured by simple
sequences of operations on the probe particle.Comment: 7 pages, revtex, 3 figure
Cholangiographic Features in the Diagnosis and Management of Obstructive Icteric Type Hepatocellular Carcinoma
In 11 years and 3 months, 2037 patients with HCC
were seen and 48 patients (2.4%) were diagnosed to
have obstructive icteric type HCC. Five patients
were terminally ill and were not investigated further.
Forty three patients were initially investigated
by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) or
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTC) and
classified as having obstructive icteric type 1, 2, or 3
HCC based on the cholangiographic findings. The
obstruction in type 1 HCC was due to intraluminal
tumour casts and/or tumour fragments obstructing
the hepatic ductal confluence or common bile duct,
while intraluminal blood clots, from haemobilia,
filling the biliary tree was the cause in type 2 HCC.
The pathology in type 3 HCC was extraluminal
obstruction by extensive tumour encasement of the
intra–hepatic biliary ductal system and/or extrinsic
compression of the hepatic and common bile ducts
by tumour(s) and/or malignant lymph nodes. At
the initial ERC/PTC, 10 patients (5 resected, 50%)
had obstructive icteric type 1 and 23 patients (0 resected)
had obstructive icteric type 3 HCC. Of the 10
patients initially classified according to cholangiography
to have obstructive icteric type 2 HCC,
subsequent investigations revealed that 6 patients
had type 1 HCC (4 resectable, 67%) and 4 patients
had type 3 HCC (0 resectable). The classification of
the obstructive icteric type HCC into types 1, 2, and
3, based on the initial cholangiographic appearances
has simplified and rationalized our management
strategy for this condition
Complexity of decoupling and time-reversal for n spins with pair-interactions: Arrow of time in quantum control
Well-known Nuclear Magnetic Resonance experiments show that the time
evolution according to (truncated) dipole-dipole interactions between n spins
can be inverted by simple pulse sequences. Independent of n, the reversed
evolution is only two times slower than the original one. Here we consider more
general spin-spin couplings with long range. We prove that some are
considerably more complex to invert since the number of required time steps and
the slow-down of the reversed evolutions are necessarily of the order n.
Furthermore, the spins have to be addressed separately. We show for which
values of the coupling parameters the phase transition between simple and
complex time-reversal schemes occurs.Comment: Completely rewritten, new lower bounds on the number of time steps,
applications and references adde
Directed Diffusion: Direct Control of Object Placement through Attention Guidance
Text-guided diffusion models such as DALLE-2, Imagen, and Stable Diffusion
are able to generate an effectively endless variety of images given only a
short text prompt describing the desired image content. In many cases the
images are of very high quality. However, these models often struggle to
compose scenes containing several key objects such as characters in specified
positional relationships. The missing capability to "direct" the placement of
characters and objects both within and across images is crucial in
storytelling, as recognized in the literature on film and animation theory. In
this work, we take a particularly straightforward approach to providing the
needed direction. Drawing on the observation that the cross-attention maps for
prompt words reflect the spatial layout of objects denoted by those words, we
introduce an optimization objective that produces ``activation'' at desired
positions in these cross-attention maps. The resulting approach is a step
toward generalizing the applicability of text-guided diffusion models beyond
single images to collections of related images, as in storybooks. To the best
of our knowledge, our Directed Diffusion method is the first diffusion
technique that provides positional control over multiple objects, while making
use of an existing pre-trained model and maintaining a coherent blend between
the positioned objects and the background. Moreover, it requires only a few
lines to implement.Comment: Our project page:
https://hohonu-vicml.github.io/DirectedDiffusion.Pag
On finitely ambiguous B\"uchi automata
Unambiguous B\"uchi automata, i.e. B\"uchi automata allowing only one
accepting run per word, are a useful restriction of B\"uchi automata that is
well-suited for probabilistic model-checking. In this paper we propose a more
permissive variant, namely finitely ambiguous B\"uchi automata, a
generalisation where each word has at most accepting runs, for some fixed
. We adapt existing notions and results concerning finite and bounded
ambiguity of finite automata to the setting of -languages and present a
translation from arbitrary nondeterministic B\"uchi automata with states to
finitely ambiguous automata with at most states and at most accepting
runs per word
Adequate Yearly Progress in Small Rural Schools and Rural Low-Income Schools
Adequate yearly progress (AYP) on No Child Left Behind criteria was examined for a randomly selected sample of districts that qualify for the Rural Education Achievement Program (REAP). The sample involved 10% of districts that were eligible for the Small Rural Schools Achievement (SRSA) program and 10% that were eligible for the Rural and Low-income Schools (RLIS) program. Based on district reports, nearly 80% of SRSA schools made AYP, 11% failed, and 11% did not have adequate data. For schools in the RLIS program, districts reported that 65% made AYP, 29% failed, and 6% did not report adequate data. The SRSA and RLIS samples had different patterns for the categories of students that did not make AYP. Also, SRSA and RLIS districts were differentially distributed across the United States. Implications for interventions are discussed
The cap-snatching SFTSV endonuclease domain is an antiviral target
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne virus with 12%-30% case mortality rates and is related to the Heartland virus (HRTV) identified in the United States. Together, SFTSV and HRTV are emerging segmented, negative-sense RNA viral (sNSV) pathogens with potential global health impact. Here, we characterize the amino-terminal cap-snatching endonuclease domain of SFTSV polymerase (L) and solve a 2.4-Å X-ray crystal structure. While the overall structure is similar to those of other cap-snatching sNSV endonucleases, differences near the C terminus of the SFTSV endonuclease suggest divergence in regulation. Influenza virus endonuclease inhibitors, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Baloxavir (BXA), inhibit the endonuclease activity in in vitro enzymatic assays and in cell-based studies. BXA displays potent activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (I
Postexposure Treatment of Marburg Virus Infection
Rhesus monkeys are protected from disease when a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–based vaccine is administered 20–30 min after infection with Marburg virus. We protected 5/6 monkeys when this vaccine was given 24 h after challenge; 2/6 animals were protected when the vaccine was administered 48 h postinfection
Principles of precision medicine in stroke
The era of precision medicine has arrived and conveys tremendous potential, particularly for stroke neurology. The diagnosis of stroke, its underlying aetiology, theranostic strategies, recurrence risk and path to recovery are populated by a series of highly individualised questions. Moreover, the phenotypic complexity of a clinical diagnosis of stroke makes a simple genetic risk assessment only partially informative on an individual basis. The guiding principles of precision medicine in stroke underscore the need to identify, value, organise and analyse the multitude of variables obtained from each individual to generate a precise approach to optimise cerebrovascular health. Existing data may be leveraged with novel technologies, informatics and practical clinical paradigms to apply these principles in stroke and realise the promise of precision medicine. Importantly, precision medicine in stroke will only be realised once efforts to collect, value and synthesise the wealth of data collected in clinical trials and routine care starts. Stroke theranostics, the ultimate vision of synchronising tailored therapeutic strategies based on specific diagnostic data, demand cerebrovascular expertise on big data approaches to clinically relevant paradigms. This review considers such challenges and delineates the principles on a roadmap for rational application of precision medicine to stroke and cerebrovascular health
Cohort profile: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study, a Guangzhou-Hong Kong-Birmingham collaboration
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